Richard.Glen: Richard.Glen moved page Giant cell glioblastoma to Archived:Giant cell glioblastoma without leaving a redirect: Moved to Archive

2026-01-28T18:57:34Z

Richard.Glen moved page Giant cell glioblastoma to Archived:Giant cell glioblastoma without leaving a redirect: Moved to Archive

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:57, 28 January 2026
(No difference)

Jay.Alden: /* Clinical Significance (Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Implications) */

2020-04-13T16:58:20Z

Clinical Significance (Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Implications)

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:58, 13 April 2020
Line 31:		Line 31:
	*No evidence of a precursor lesion <ref name=":0" />		*No evidence of a precursor lesion <ref name=":0" />
	*Presenting symptoms similar to IDH-wt glioblastoma		*Presenting symptoms similar to IDH-wt glioblastoma
	*Radiographically and grossly circumscribed borders, may be mistaken for other neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesions <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Turner\|first=Ryan\|last2=Matthys\|first2=Samuel\|last3=Heymann\|first3=John\|last4=Gelman\|first4=Benjamin\|date=2018\|title=Imaging findings in the progression of a giant cell glioblastoma\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30128062\|journal=Radiology Case Reports\|volume=13\|issue=5\|pages=1007–1011\|doi=10.1016/j.radcr.2018.07.010\|issn=1930-0433\|pmc=6097408\|pmid=30128062}}</ref>		*Radiographically and grossly circumscribed borders, may be mistaken for other neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesions <ref name=":6">{{Cite journal\|last=Turner\|first=Ryan\|last2=Matthys\|first2=Samuel\|last3=Heymann\|first3=John\|last4=Gelman\|first4=Benjamin\|date=2018\|title=Imaging findings in the progression of a giant cell glioblastoma\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30128062\|journal=Radiology Case Reports\|volume=13\|issue=5\|pages=1007–1011\|doi=10.1016/j.radcr.2018.07.010\|issn=1930-0433\|pmc=6097408\|pmid=30128062}}</ref>

	==Sites of Involvement==		==Sites of Involvement==
Line 51:		Line 51:
	\|-		\|-
	!Finding!!Marker		!Finding!!Marker
			\|-
			\|Positive (by definition)
			\|IDH-1
	\|-		\|-
	\|Positive (variable level)\|\|GFAP <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal\|last=Katoh\|first=M.\|last2=Aida\|first2=T.\|last3=Sugimoto\|first3=S.\|last4=Suwamura\|first4=Y.\|last5=Abe\|first5=H.\|last6=Isu\|first6=T.\|last7=Kaneko\|first7=S.\|last8=Mitsumori\|first8=K.\|last9=Kojima\|first9=H.\|date=1995\|title=Immunohistochemical analysis of giant cell glioblastoma\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7550996\|journal=Pathology International\|volume=45\|issue=4\|pages=275–282\|doi=10.1111/j.1440-1827.1995.tb03456.x\|issn=1320-5463\|pmid=7550996}}</ref>		\|Positive (variable level)\|\|GFAP <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal\|last=Katoh\|first=M.\|last2=Aida\|first2=T.\|last3=Sugimoto\|first3=S.\|last4=Suwamura\|first4=Y.\|last5=Abe\|first5=H.\|last6=Isu\|first6=T.\|last7=Kaneko\|first7=S.\|last8=Mitsumori\|first8=K.\|last9=Kojima\|first9=H.\|date=1995\|title=Immunohistochemical analysis of giant cell glioblastoma\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7550996\|journal=Pathology International\|volume=45\|issue=4\|pages=275–282\|doi=10.1111/j.1440-1827.1995.tb03456.x\|issn=1320-5463\|pmid=7550996}}</ref>
Line 56:		Line 59:
	\|Positive (Majority)\|\|P53 <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Peraud\|first=A.\|last2=Watanabe\|first2=K.\|last3=Plate\|first3=K. H.\|last4=Yonekawa\|first4=Y.\|last5=Kleihues\|first5=P.\|last6=Ohgaki\|first6=H.\|date=1997\|title=p53 mutations versus EGF receptor expression in giant cell glioblastomas\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9370234\|journal=Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology\|volume=56\|issue=11\|pages=1236–1241\|doi=10.1097/00005072-199711000-00008\|issn=0022-3069\|pmid=9370234}}</ref> <ref name=":3" />		\|Positive (Majority)\|\|P53 <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Peraud\|first=A.\|last2=Watanabe\|first2=K.\|last3=Plate\|first3=K. H.\|last4=Yonekawa\|first4=Y.\|last5=Kleihues\|first5=P.\|last6=Ohgaki\|first6=H.\|date=1997\|title=p53 mutations versus EGF receptor expression in giant cell glioblastomas\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9370234\|journal=Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology\|volume=56\|issue=11\|pages=1236–1241\|doi=10.1097/00005072-199711000-00008\|issn=0022-3069\|pmid=9370234}}</ref> <ref name=":3" />
	\|-		\|-
	\|Negative (nearly universal)\|\|Neuronal Antigens <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Martinez-Diaz\|first=Hilda\|last2=Kleinschmidt-DeMasters\|first2=B. K.\|last3=Powell\|first3=Suzanne Z.\|last4=Yachnis\|first4=Anthony T.\|date=2003\|title=Giant cell glioblastoma and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma show different immunohistochemical profiles for neuronal antigens and p53 but share reactivity for class III beta-tubulin\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12946225\|journal=Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine\|volume=127\|issue=9\|pages=1187–1191\|doi=10.1043/1543-2165(2003)1272.0.CO;2\|issn=1543-2165\|pmid=12946225}}</ref>		\|Negative (nearly universal)\|\|Neuronal Antigens <ref name=":7">{{Cite journal\|last=Martinez-Diaz\|first=Hilda\|last2=Kleinschmidt-DeMasters\|first2=B. K.\|last3=Powell\|first3=Suzanne Z.\|last4=Yachnis\|first4=Anthony T.\|date=2003\|title=Giant cell glioblastoma and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma show different immunohistochemical profiles for neuronal antigens and p53 but share reactivity for class III beta-tubulin\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12946225\|journal=Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine\|volume=127\|issue=9\|pages=1187–1191\|doi=10.1043/1543-2165(2003)1272.0.CO;2\|issn=1543-2165\|pmid=12946225}}</ref>
	\|}		\|}

Line 78:		Line 81:
	==Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH==		==Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH==

	* Near haploidization may be a primary oncogenic event underlying a subset of GCG's <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Bigner\|first=S. H.\|last2=Mark\|first2=J.\|last3=Schold\|first3=S. C.\|last4=Eng\|first4=L. F.\|last5=Bigner\|first5=D. D.\|date=1985\|title=A serially transplantable human giant cell glioblastoma that maintains a near-haploid stem line\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3840409\|journal=Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics\|volume=18\|issue=2\|pages=141–153\|doi=10.1016/0165-4608(85)90064-0\|issn=0165-4608\|pmid=3840409}}</ref>		*Near haploidization may be a primary oncogenic event underlying a subset of GCG's <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Bigner\|first=S. H.\|last2=Mark\|first2=J.\|last3=Schold\|first3=S. C.\|last4=Eng\|first4=L. F.\|last5=Bigner\|first5=D. D.\|date=1985\|title=A serially transplantable human giant cell glioblastoma that maintains a near-haploid stem line\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3840409\|journal=Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics\|volume=18\|issue=2\|pages=141–153\|doi=10.1016/0165-4608(85)90064-0\|issn=0165-4608\|pmid=3840409}}</ref>
	** Recurrent loss of chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 22		**Recurrent loss of chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 22
	** Typically have gains or retain heterozygosity of chromosome 7		**Typically have gains or retain heterozygosity of chromosome 7
	* Similar genomic findings have been described in other oncocytic tumors <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal\|last=Ganly\|first=Ian\|last2=Makarov\|first2=Vladimir\|last3=Deraje\|first3=Shyamprasad\|last4=Dong\|first4=YiYu\|last5=Reznik\|first5=Ed\|last6=Seshan\|first6=Venkatraman\|last7=Nanjangud\|first7=Gouri\|last8=Eng\|first8=Stephanie\|last9=Bose\|first9=Promita\|date=2018\|title=Integrated Genomic Analysis of Hürthle Cell Cancer Reveals Oncogenic Drivers, Recurrent Mitochondrial Mutations, and Unique Chromosomal Landscapes\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30107176\|journal=Cancer Cell\|volume=34\|issue=2\|pages=256–270.e5\|doi=10.1016/j.ccell.2018.07.002\|issn=1878-3686\|pmc=6247912\|pmid=30107176}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Corver\|first=Willem E.\|last2=Ruano\|first2=Dina\|last3=Weijers\|first3=Karin\|last4=den Hartog\|first4=Wietske C. E.\|last5=van Nieuwenhuizen\|first5=Merlijn P.\|last6=de Miranda\|first6=Noel\|last7=van Eijk\|first7=Ronald\|last8=Middeldorp\|first8=Anneke\|last9=Jordanova\|first9=Ekaterina S.\|date=2012\|title=Genome haploidisation with chromosome 7 retention in oncocytic follicular thyroid carcinoma\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22675538\|journal=PloS One\|volume=7\|issue=6\|pages=e38287\|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0038287\|issn=1932-6203\|pmc=3365880\|pmid=22675538}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Corver\|first=Willem E.\|last2=van Wezel\|first2=Tom\|last3=Molenaar\|first3=Kees\|last4=Schrumpf\|first4=Melanie\|last5=van den Akker\|first5=Brendy\|last6=van Eijk\|first6=Ronald\|last7=Ruano Neto\|first7=Dina\|last8=Oosting\|first8=Jan\|last9=Morreau\|first9=Hans\|date=2014\|title=Near-haploidization significantly associates with oncocytic adrenocortical, thyroid, and parathyroid tumors but not with mitochondrial DNA mutations\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24909752\|journal=Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer\|volume=53\|issue=10\|pages=833–844\|doi=10.1002/gcc.22194\|issn=1098-2264\|pmid=24909752}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Gopal\|first=Raj K.\|last2=Kübler\|first2=Kirsten\|last3=Calvo\|first3=Sarah E.\|last4=Polak\|first4=Paz\|last5=Livitz\|first5=Dimitri\|last6=Rosebrock\|first6=Daniel\|last7=Sadow\|first7=Peter M.\|last8=Campbell\|first8=Braidie\|last9=Donovan\|first9=Samuel E.\|date=2018\|title=Widespread Chromosomal Losses and Mitochondrial DNA Alterations as Genetic Drivers in Hürthle Cell Carcinoma\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30107175\|journal=Cancer Cell\|volume=34\|issue=2\|pages=242–255.e5\|doi=10.1016/j.ccell.2018.06.013\|issn=1878-3686\|pmc=6121811\|pmid=30107175}}</ref>		*Similar genomic findings have been described in other oncocytic tumors <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal\|last=Ganly\|first=Ian\|last2=Makarov\|first2=Vladimir\|last3=Deraje\|first3=Shyamprasad\|last4=Dong\|first4=YiYu\|last5=Reznik\|first5=Ed\|last6=Seshan\|first6=Venkatraman\|last7=Nanjangud\|first7=Gouri\|last8=Eng\|first8=Stephanie\|last9=Bose\|first9=Promita\|date=2018\|title=Integrated Genomic Analysis of Hürthle Cell Cancer Reveals Oncogenic Drivers, Recurrent Mitochondrial Mutations, and Unique Chromosomal Landscapes\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30107176\|journal=Cancer Cell\|volume=34\|issue=2\|pages=256–270.e5\|doi=10.1016/j.ccell.2018.07.002\|issn=1878-3686\|pmc=6247912\|pmid=30107176}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Corver\|first=Willem E.\|last2=Ruano\|first2=Dina\|last3=Weijers\|first3=Karin\|last4=den Hartog\|first4=Wietske C. E.\|last5=van Nieuwenhuizen\|first5=Merlijn P.\|last6=de Miranda\|first6=Noel\|last7=van Eijk\|first7=Ronald\|last8=Middeldorp\|first8=Anneke\|last9=Jordanova\|first9=Ekaterina S.\|date=2012\|title=Genome haploidisation with chromosome 7 retention in oncocytic follicular thyroid carcinoma\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22675538\|journal=PloS One\|volume=7\|issue=6\|pages=e38287\|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0038287\|issn=1932-6203\|pmc=3365880\|pmid=22675538}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Corver\|first=Willem E.\|last2=van Wezel\|first2=Tom\|last3=Molenaar\|first3=Kees\|last4=Schrumpf\|first4=Melanie\|last5=van den Akker\|first5=Brendy\|last6=van Eijk\|first6=Ronald\|last7=Ruano Neto\|first7=Dina\|last8=Oosting\|first8=Jan\|last9=Morreau\|first9=Hans\|date=2014\|title=Near-haploidization significantly associates with oncocytic adrenocortical, thyroid, and parathyroid tumors but not with mitochondrial DNA mutations\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24909752\|journal=Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer\|volume=53\|issue=10\|pages=833–844\|doi=10.1002/gcc.22194\|issn=1098-2264\|pmid=24909752}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Gopal\|first=Raj K.\|last2=Kübler\|first2=Kirsten\|last3=Calvo\|first3=Sarah E.\|last4=Polak\|first4=Paz\|last5=Livitz\|first5=Dimitri\|last6=Rosebrock\|first6=Daniel\|last7=Sadow\|first7=Peter M.\|last8=Campbell\|first8=Braidie\|last9=Donovan\|first9=Samuel E.\|date=2018\|title=Widespread Chromosomal Losses and Mitochondrial DNA Alterations as Genetic Drivers in Hürthle Cell Carcinoma\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30107175\|journal=Cancer Cell\|volume=34\|issue=2\|pages=242–255.e5\|doi=10.1016/j.ccell.2018.06.013\|issn=1878-3686\|pmc=6121811\|pmid=30107175}}</ref>
	* Oncogenenesis in such cases may be related to widespread loss of tumor suppressors in a catastrophic reduplication event early in tumorigenesis <ref name=":4" />		*Oncogenenesis in such cases may be related to widespread loss of tumor suppressors in a catastrophic reduplication event early in tumorigenesis <ref name=":4" />

	==Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)==		==Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)==
Line 100:		Line 103:
	\|33% <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal\|last=Oh\|first=Ji Eun\|last2=Ohta\|first2=Takashi\|last3=Nonoguchi\|first3=Naosuke\|last4=Satomi\|first4=Kaishi\|last5=Capper\|first5=David\|last6=Pierscianek\|first6=Daniela\|last7=Sure\|first7=Ulrich\|last8=Vital\|first8=Anne\|last9=Paulus\|first9=Werner\|date=2016\|title=Genetic Alterations in Gliosarcoma and Giant Cell Glioblastoma\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26443480\|journal=Brain Pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)\|volume=26\|issue=4\|pages=517–522\|doi=10.1111/bpa.12328\|issn=1750-3639\|pmid=26443480}}</ref>		\|33% <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal\|last=Oh\|first=Ji Eun\|last2=Ohta\|first2=Takashi\|last3=Nonoguchi\|first3=Naosuke\|last4=Satomi\|first4=Kaishi\|last5=Capper\|first5=David\|last6=Pierscianek\|first6=Daniela\|last7=Sure\|first7=Ulrich\|last8=Vital\|first8=Anne\|last9=Paulus\|first9=Werner\|date=2016\|title=Genetic Alterations in Gliosarcoma and Giant Cell Glioblastoma\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26443480\|journal=Brain Pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)\|volume=26\|issue=4\|pages=517–522\|doi=10.1111/bpa.12328\|issn=1750-3639\|pmid=26443480}}</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	\|ATRX		\|ATRX
	\|		\|
	\|Tumor Suppressor		\|Tumor Suppressor
Line 133:		Line 136:
	==Epigenomics (Methylation)==		==Epigenomics (Methylation)==

	~~Put your text here~~		* MGMT promoter methylation may help predict response to alkylating chemotherapy <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Hegi\|first=Monika E.\|last2=Diserens\|first2=Annie-Claire\|last3=Gorlia\|first3=Thierry\|last4=Hamou\|first4=Marie-France\|last5=de Tribolet\|first5=Nicolas\|last6=Weller\|first6=Michael\|last7=Kros\|first7=Johan M.\|last8=Hainfellner\|first8=Johannes A.\|last9=Mason\|first9=Warren\|date=2005\|title=MGMT gene silencing and benefit from temozolomide in glioblastoma\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15758010\|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine\|volume=352\|issue=10\|pages=997–1003\|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa043331\|issn=1533-4406\|pmid=15758010}}</ref>

	==Genes and Main Pathways Involved==		==Genes and Main Pathways Involved==
Line 141:		Line 144:
	==Diagnostic Testing Methods==		==Diagnostic Testing Methods==

	~~Put your text here~~		* Diagnosis typically made based on morphology with immunohistochemical staining
			** GCG are typically distinguished from pleomorphic xanthastrocytoma by their lack of neuronal immunoreactivity <ref name=":7" />
			* Genomic testing for 1p/19q codeletion may help distinguish from oligodendroma

	==Clinical Significance (Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Implications)==		==Clinical Significance (Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Implications)==

	~~Put your text here~~		* GCG's have a poor prognosis, but may have better outcome than conventional IDH-wt GB <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Burger\|first=P. C.\|last2=Vollmer\|first2=R. T.\|date=1980\|title=Histologic factors of prognostic significance in the glioblastoma multiforme\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6260329\|journal=Cancer\|volume=46\|issue=5\|pages=1179–1186\|doi=10.1002/1097-0142(19800901)46:53.0.co;2-0\|issn=0008-543X\|pmid=6260329}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Huang\|first=M. C.\|last2=Kubo\|first2=O.\|last3=Tajika\|first3=Y.\|last4=Takakura\|first4=K.\|date=1996\|title=A clinico-immunohistochemical study of giant cell glioblastoma\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8916121\|journal=Noshuyo Byori = Brain Tumor Pathology\|volume=13\|issue=1\|pages=11–16\|issn=0914-8108\|pmid=8916121}}</ref> <ref name=":2" /> <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Oh\|first=Taemin\|last2=Rutkowski\|first2=Martin J.\|last3=Safaee\|first3=Michael\|last4=Sun\|first4=Matthew Z.\|last5=Sayegh\|first5=Eli T.\|last6=Bloch\|first6=Orin\|last7=Tihan\|first7=Tarik\|last8=Parsa\|first8=Andrew T.\|date=2014\|title=Survival outcomes of giant cell glioblastoma: institutional experience in the management of 20 patients\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25037316\|journal=Journal of Clinical Neuroscience: Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia\|volume=21\|issue=12\|pages=2129–2134\|doi=10.1016/j.jocn.2014.04.011\|issn=1532-2653\|pmid=25037316}}</ref> <ref name=":1" />
			* Median survival 13.5 months vs 9.8 for conventional IDH-wt GB <ref name=":1" />
			* May be better circumscribed than conventional IDH-wt GB, making these lesions risky for radiographic misdiagnosis and delayed therapy <ref name=":6" />

	==Familial Forms==		==Familial Forms==

Jay.Alden: Added GCG with LOH

2020-04-13T16:22:21Z

Added GCG with LOH

Show changes

Jay.Alden: /* Primary Author(s)* */

2020-04-13T14:50:15Z

Primary Author(s)*

Show changes

Lindacooley: Created page with " ==Primary Author(s)*== TOC ==Cancer Category/Type== Put your text here ==Cancer Sub-Classification / Subtype== Put your text here ==Definition / Description of Dise..."

2017-08-08T18:10:56Z

Created page with " ==Primary Author(s)*== __TOC__ ==Cancer Category/Type== Put your text here ==Cancer Sub-Classification / Subtype== Put your text here ==Definition / Description of Dise..."

New page

==Primary Author(s)*==

__TOC__

==Cancer Category/Type==

Put your text here

==Cancer Sub-Classification / Subtype==

Put your text here

==Definition / Description of Disease==

Put your text here

==Synonyms / Terminology==

Put your text here

==Epidemiology / Prevalence==

Put your text here

==Clinical Features==

Put your text here

==Sites of Involvement==

Put your text here

==Morphologic Features==

Put your text here

==Immunophenotype==

Put your text here and/or fill in the table

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Finding !! Marker
|-
|Positive (universal) || EXAMPLE CD1
|-
|Positive (subset) || EXAMPLE CD2
|-
|Negative (universal) || EXAMPLE CD3
|-
|Negative (subset) || EXAMPLE CD4
|}

==Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)==

Put your text here and/or fill in the table

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Chromosomal Rearrangement !! Genes in Fusion (5’ or 3’ Segments) !! Pathogenic Derivative !! Prevalence
|-
|EXAMPLE t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) || EXAMPLE 3'ABL1 / 5'BCR || EXAMPLE der(22) || EXAMPLE 5%
|-
|EXAMPLE t(8;21)(q22;q22) || EXAMPLE 5'RUNX1 / 3'RUNXT1 || EXAMPLE der(8) || EXAMPLE 5%
|}

==Characteristic Chromosomal Aberrations / Patterns==

Put your text here

==Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH==

Put your text here and/or fill in the table

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Chromosome Number !! Gain/Loss/Amp/LOH !! Region
|-
|EXAMPLE 8 || EXAMPLE Gain || EXAMPLE chr8:0-1000000
|-
|EXAMPLE 7 || EXAMPLE Loss || EXAMPLE chr7:0-1000000
|}

==Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)==

Put your text here and/or fill in the tables

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Gene !! Mutation !! Oncogene/Tumor Suppressor/Other !! Presumed Mechanism (LOF/GOF/Other; Driver/Passenger) !! Prevalence (COSMIC/TCGA/Other)
|-
| EXAMPLE TP53 || EXAMPLE R273H || EXAMPLE Tumor Suppressor || EXAMPLE LOF || EXAMPLE 20%
|}

===Other Mutations===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Type !! Gene/Region/Other
|-
| Concomitant Mutations || EXAMPLE IDH1 R123H
|-
| Secondary Mutations || EXAMPLE Trisomy 7
|-
|Mutually Exclusive || EXAMPLE EGFR Amplification
|}

==Epigenomics (Methylation)==

Put your text here

==Genes and Main Pathways Involved==

Put your text here

==Diagnostic Testing Methods==

Put your text here

==Clinical Significance (Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Implications)==

Put your text here

==Familial Forms==

Put your text here

==Other Information==

Put your text here

==Links==

Put your links here

==References==

=== EXAMPLE Book ===
#Arber DA, et al., (2008). Acute myeloid leukaemia with recurrent genetic abnormalities, in World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, 4thedition.Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J, Vardiman JW, Editors. IARC Press: Lyon, France, p117-118.

=== EXAMPLE Journal Article ===
#Li Y, et al., (2001). Fusion of two novel genes, RBM15 and MKL1, in the t(1;22)(p13;q13) of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Nat Genet 28:220-221, PMID 11431691.

== Notes ==
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Primary authors will typically be those that initially create and complete the content of a page. If a subsequent user modifies the content and feels the effort put forth is of high enough significance to warrant listing in the authorship section, please contact the CCGA coordinators (contact information provided on the homepage). Additional global feedback or concerns are also welcome.

Archived:Giant cell glioblastoma - Revision history

Richard.Glen: Richard.Glen moved page Giant cell glioblastoma to Archived:Giant cell glioblastoma without leaving a redirect: Moved to Archive

Jay.Alden: /* Clinical Significance (Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Implications) */

Jay.Alden: Added GCG with LOH

Jay.Alden: /* Primary Author(s)* */

Lindacooley: Created page with " ==Primary Author(s)*== __TOC__ ==Cancer Category/Type== Put your text here ==Cancer Sub-Classification / Subtype== Put your text here ==Definition / Description of Dise..."

Lindacooley: Created page with " ==Primary Author(s)*== TOC ==Cancer Category/Type== Put your text here ==Cancer Sub-Classification / Subtype== Put your text here ==Definition / Description of Dise..."