HAEM5:Plasma cell myeloma / multiple myeloma: Difference between revisions
| [checked revision] | [checked revision] |
Bailey.Glen (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Bailey.Glen (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 51: | Line 51: | ||
<blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=Unassigned References|The following referenees were placed in the header. Please place them into the appropriate locations in the text.}}<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":18">{{Cite journal|last=Chng|first=W. J.|last2=Dispenzieri|first2=A.|last3=Chim|first3=C.-S.|last4=Fonseca|first4=R.|last5=Goldschmidt|first5=H.|last6=Lentzsch|first6=S.|last7=Munshi|first7=N.|last8=Palumbo|first8=A.|last9=Miguel|first9=J. S.|date=2014-02|title=IMWG consensus on risk stratification in multiple myeloma|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23974982|journal=Leukemia|volume=28|issue=2|pages=269–277|doi=10.1038/leu.2013.247|issn=1476-5551|pmid=23974982}}</ref><ref name=":10" /></blockquote> | <blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=Unassigned References|The following referenees were placed in the header. Please place them into the appropriate locations in the text.}}</blockquote><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":18">{{Cite journal|last=Chng|first=W. J.|last2=Dispenzieri|first2=A.|last3=Chim|first3=C.-S.|last4=Fonseca|first4=R.|last5=Goldschmidt|first5=H.|last6=Lentzsch|first6=S.|last7=Munshi|first7=N.|last8=Palumbo|first8=A.|last9=Miguel|first9=J. S.|date=2014-02|title=IMWG consensus on risk stratification in multiple myeloma|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23974982|journal=Leukemia|volume=28|issue=2|pages=269–277|doi=10.1038/leu.2013.247|issn=1476-5551|pmid=23974982}}</ref><ref name=":10" /><blockquote class="blockedit"> | ||
<center><span style="color:Maroon">'''End of V4 Section'''</span> | |||
---- | |||
</blockquote> | |||
==Synonyms / Terminology== | ==Synonyms / Terminology== | ||
| Line 73: | Line 76: | ||
<blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=Unassigned References|The following referenees were placed in the header. Please place them into the appropriate locations in the text.}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kumar|first=Shaji K.|last2=Rajkumar|first2=Vincent|last3=Kyle|first3=Robert A.|last4=van Duin|first4=Mark|last5=Sonneveld|first5=Pieter|last6=Mateos|first6=María-Victoria|last7=Gay|first7=Francesca|last8=Anderson|first8=Kenneth C.|date=2017-07-20|title=Multiple myeloma|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28726797|journal=Nature Reviews. Disease Primers|volume=3|pages=17046|doi=10.1038/nrdp.2017.46|issn=2056-676X|pmid=28726797}}</ref><ref name=":7">American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts & Figures 2020,https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/all-cancer-facts-figures/cancer-facts-figures-2020.html</ref></blockquote> | <blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=Unassigned References|The following referenees were placed in the header. Please place them into the appropriate locations in the text.}}</blockquote><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kumar|first=Shaji K.|last2=Rajkumar|first2=Vincent|last3=Kyle|first3=Robert A.|last4=van Duin|first4=Mark|last5=Sonneveld|first5=Pieter|last6=Mateos|first6=María-Victoria|last7=Gay|first7=Francesca|last8=Anderson|first8=Kenneth C.|date=2017-07-20|title=Multiple myeloma|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28726797|journal=Nature Reviews. Disease Primers|volume=3|pages=17046|doi=10.1038/nrdp.2017.46|issn=2056-676X|pmid=28726797}}</ref><ref name=":7">American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts & Figures 2020,https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/all-cancer-facts-figures/cancer-facts-figures-2020.html</ref><blockquote class="blockedit"> | ||
<center><span style="color:Maroon">'''End of V4 Section'''</span> | |||
---- | |||
</blockquote> | |||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
| Line 94: | Line 100: | ||
<blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=v4:Clinical Features|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}} | <blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=v4:Clinical Features|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}}</blockquote> | ||
| Line 107: | Line 113: | ||
<blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=Unassigned References|The following referenees were placed in the header. Please place them into the appropriate locations in the text.}}<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":19">{{Cite journal|last=Rajkumar|first=S. Vincent|date=2016|title=Updated Diagnostic Criteria and Staging System for Multiple Myeloma|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27249749|journal=American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting|volume=35|pages=e418–423|doi=10.1200/EDBK_159009|issn=1548-8756|pmid=27249749}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{Cite journal|last=Moreau|first=Philippe|last2=Kumar|first2=Shaji K.|last3=San Miguel|first3=Jesús|last4=Davies|first4=Faith|last5=Zamagni|first5=Elena|last6=Bahlis|first6=Nizar|last7=Ludwig|first7=Heinz|last8=Mikhael|first8=Joseph|last9=Terpos|first9=Evangelos|date=2021-03|title=Treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: recommendations from the International Myeloma Working Group|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33662288|journal=The Lancet. Oncology|volume=22|issue=3|pages=e105–e118|doi=10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30756-7|issn=1474-5488|pmid=33662288}}</ref></blockquote> | <blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=Unassigned References|The following referenees were placed in the header. Please place them into the appropriate locations in the text.}}</blockquote><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":19">{{Cite journal|last=Rajkumar|first=S. Vincent|date=2016|title=Updated Diagnostic Criteria and Staging System for Multiple Myeloma|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27249749|journal=American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting|volume=35|pages=e418–423|doi=10.1200/EDBK_159009|issn=1548-8756|pmid=27249749}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{Cite journal|last=Moreau|first=Philippe|last2=Kumar|first2=Shaji K.|last3=San Miguel|first3=Jesús|last4=Davies|first4=Faith|last5=Zamagni|first5=Elena|last6=Bahlis|first6=Nizar|last7=Ludwig|first7=Heinz|last8=Mikhael|first8=Joseph|last9=Terpos|first9=Evangelos|date=2021-03|title=Treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: recommendations from the International Myeloma Working Group|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33662288|journal=The Lancet. Oncology|volume=22|issue=3|pages=e105–e118|doi=10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30756-7|issn=1474-5488|pmid=33662288}}</ref><blockquote class="blockedit"> | ||
<center><span style="color:Maroon">'''End of V4 Section'''</span> | |||
---- | |||
<blockquote class="blockedit"> | |||
<center><span style="color:Maroon">'''End of V4 Section'''</span> | |||
---- | |||
</blockquote> | |||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
==Sites of Involvement== | ==Sites of Involvement== | ||
| Line 117: | Line 129: | ||
<blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=Unassigned References|The following referenees were placed in the header. Please place them into the appropriate locations in the text.}}<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":19" /><ref name=":20" /></blockquote> | <blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=Unassigned References|The following referenees were placed in the header. Please place them into the appropriate locations in the text.}}</blockquote><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":19" /><ref name=":20" /><blockquote class="blockedit"> | ||
<center><span style="color:Maroon">'''End of V4 Section'''</span> | |||
---- | |||
</blockquote> | |||
==Morphologic Features== | ==Morphologic Features== | ||
| Line 163: | Line 178: | ||
<blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=v4:Immunophenotype|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}} | <blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=v4:Immunophenotype|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}}</blockquote> | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
| Line 172: | Line 187: | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
<blockquote class="blockedit"> | |||
<center><span style="color:Maroon">'''End of V4 Section'''</span> | |||
---- | |||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
==Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)== | ==Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)== | ||
| Line 201: | Line 219: | ||
* Individual Region Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH | * Individual Region Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH | ||
* Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns | * Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns | ||
* Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)}} | * Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)}}</blockquote> | ||
| Line 339: | Line 357: | ||
'''Gene mutation'''s are also helpful for risk stratification in plasma cell myeloma, e.g., mutations of IRF4 or PRDM1 genes involving plasma cell differentiation are usually indicative for a favorable prognosis, while mutation of ''TP53'', ''ATM'' or ''ATR'' genes involving DNA repair pathway mostly imply for a poor prognosis. <ref name=":11" /> | '''Gene mutation'''s are also helpful for risk stratification in plasma cell myeloma, e.g., mutations of IRF4 or PRDM1 genes involving plasma cell differentiation are usually indicative for a favorable prognosis, while mutation of ''TP53'', ''ATM'' or ''ATR'' genes involving DNA repair pathway mostly imply for a poor prognosis. <ref name=":11" /> | ||
<blockquote class="blockedit"> | |||
<center><span style="color:Maroon">'''End of V4 Section'''</span> | |||
---- | |||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
==Individual Region Genomic Gain / Loss / LOH== | ==Individual Region Genomic Gain / Loss / LOH== | ||
| Line 409: | Line 430: | ||
|} | |} | ||
<blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=v4:Characteristic Chromosomal Aberrations / Patterns|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}} | <blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=v4:Characteristic Chromosomal Aberrations / Patterns|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}}</blockquote> | ||
| Line 453: | Line 474: | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
<blockquote class="blockedit"> | |||
<center><span style="color:Maroon">'''End of V4 Section'''</span> | |||
---- | |||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
==Gene Mutations (SNV / INDEL)== | ==Gene Mutations (SNV / INDEL)== | ||
| Line 488: | Line 512: | ||
<blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=v4:Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}} | <blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=v4:Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}}</blockquote> | ||
'''THIS SECTION NEEDS REFERENCES.''' | '''THIS SECTION NEEDS REFERENCES.''' | ||
| Line 569: | Line 593: | ||
|} | |} | ||
<blockquote class="blockedit"> | |||
<center><span style="color:Maroon">'''End of V4 Section'''</span> | |||
---- | |||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
==Epigenomic Alterations== | ==Epigenomic Alterations== | ||
| Line 594: | Line 621: | ||
|} | |} | ||
<blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=v4:Genes and Main Pathways Involved|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}} | <blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=v4:Genes and Main Pathways Involved|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}}</blockquote> | ||
Due to the wide spectrum of chromosomal abnormalities and somatic mutations identified in plasma cell myeloma, it’s believed that the oncogenesis and development of plasma cell myeloma may also involve many pathways. Please refer to review articles for more detailed information. <ref name=":9" /><ref name=":11">{{Cite journal|last=Manier|first=Salomon|last2=Salem|first2=Karma Z.|last3=Park|first3=Jihye|last4=Landau|first4=Dan A.|last5=Getz|first5=Gad|last6=Ghobrial|first6=Irene M.|date=02 2017|title=Genomic complexity of multiple myeloma and its clinical implications|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27531699|journal=Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology|volume=14|issue=2|pages=100–113|doi=10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.122|issn=1759-4782|pmid=27531699}}</ref> | Due to the wide spectrum of chromosomal abnormalities and somatic mutations identified in plasma cell myeloma, it’s believed that the oncogenesis and development of plasma cell myeloma may also involve many pathways. Please refer to review articles for more detailed information. <ref name=":9" /><ref name=":11">{{Cite journal|last=Manier|first=Salomon|last2=Salem|first2=Karma Z.|last3=Park|first3=Jihye|last4=Landau|first4=Dan A.|last5=Getz|first5=Gad|last6=Ghobrial|first6=Irene M.|date=02 2017|title=Genomic complexity of multiple myeloma and its clinical implications|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27531699|journal=Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology|volume=14|issue=2|pages=100–113|doi=10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.122|issn=1759-4782|pmid=27531699}}</ref> | ||
| Line 608: | Line 635: | ||
'''MYC activation''': ''MYC'' rearrangement is found in 8% of the newly diagnosed myeloma patient in a Mayo Clinic study. It is associated with high disease burden and is an independent adverse prognostic factor. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Abdallah|first=Nadine|last2=Baughn|first2=Linda B.|last3=Rajkumar|first3=S. Vincent|last4=Kapoor|first4=Prashant|last5=Gertz|first5=Morie A.|last6=Dispenzieri|first6=Angela|last7=Lacy|first7=Martha Q.|last8=Hayman|first8=Suzanne R.|last9=Buadi|first9=Francis K.|date=2020-12-15|title=Implications of MYC Rearrangements in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33008815|journal=Clinical Cancer Research: An Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research|volume=26|issue=24|pages=6581–6588|doi=10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-2283|issn=1557-3265|pmid=33008815}}</ref> | '''MYC activation''': ''MYC'' rearrangement is found in 8% of the newly diagnosed myeloma patient in a Mayo Clinic study. It is associated with high disease burden and is an independent adverse prognostic factor. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Abdallah|first=Nadine|last2=Baughn|first2=Linda B.|last3=Rajkumar|first3=S. Vincent|last4=Kapoor|first4=Prashant|last5=Gertz|first5=Morie A.|last6=Dispenzieri|first6=Angela|last7=Lacy|first7=Martha Q.|last8=Hayman|first8=Suzanne R.|last9=Buadi|first9=Francis K.|date=2020-12-15|title=Implications of MYC Rearrangements in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33008815|journal=Clinical Cancer Research: An Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research|volume=26|issue=24|pages=6581–6588|doi=10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-2283|issn=1557-3265|pmid=33008815}}</ref> | ||
<blockquote class="blockedit"> | |||
<center><span style="color:Maroon">'''End of V4 Section'''</span> | |||
---- | |||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
==Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods== | ==Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods== | ||