HAEM5:B-lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma with hypodiploidy: Difference between revisions

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==Individual Region Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH==
==Individual Region Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH==


Please refer to section "Characteristic Chromosomal or Other Global Mutational Patterns" below.
Hypodiploid B-ALL is characterized by widespread genomic losses consistent with the hypodiploid karyotype<ref name=":13" />. Please refer to section "Characteristic Chromosomal or Other Global Mutational Patterns" below.
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</blockquote>
</blockquote>
==Characteristic Chromosomal or Other Global Mutational Patterns==
==Characteristic Chromosomal or Other Global Mutational Patterns==
This entity is defined by the presence of neoplastic lymphoblasts containing less than 46 chromosomes<ref name=":0">Borowitz MJ, et al., (2017). B-Lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma with recurrent genetic abnormalities, in World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, Revised 4th edition. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J, Arber DA, Hasserjian RP, Le Beau MM, Orazi A, and Siebert R, Editors. IARC Press: Lyon, France, p206.</ref>, and can be subdivided into near-haploid B-ALL/LBL with hypodiploidy (24–31 chromosomes); low-hypodiploid B-ALL/LBL with hypodiploidy (32–39 chromosomes); and high-hypodiploid B-ALL/LBL with hypodiploidy (40–43 chromosomes)<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":18">{{Cite journal|last=Harrison|first=Christine J.|last2=Moorman|first2=Anthony V.|last3=Broadfield|first3=Zoë J.|last4=Cheung|first4=Kan L.|last5=Harris|first5=Rachel L.|last6=Reza Jalali|first6=G.|last7=Robinson|first7=Hazel M.|last8=Barber|first8=Kerry E.|last9=Richards|first9=Sue M.|date=2004|title=Three distinct subgroups of hypodiploidy in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15147369|journal=British Journal of Haematology|volume=125|issue=5|pages=552–559|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.04948.x|issn=0007-1048|pmid=15147369}}</ref>. Of note, near-diploid cases (44–45 chromosomes) are not included in the hypodiploid category in clinical therapy–directed classification schemes because they do not share the poor prognosis observed<ref name=":14" />. In a study, for patients with 44 chromosomes, monosomy 7, the presence of a dicentric chromosome, or both predicted a worse event-free survival (EFS) but similar overall survival (OS)<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Nachman|first=James B.|last2=Heerema|first2=Nyla A.|last3=Sather|first3=Harland|last4=Camitta|first4=Bruce|last5=Forestier|first5=Erik|last6=Harrison|first6=Christine J.|last7=Dastugue|first7=Nicole|last8=Schrappe|first8=Martin|last9=Pui|first9=Ching-Hon|date=2007|title=Outcome of treatment in children with hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17473063|journal=Blood|volume=110|issue=4|pages=1112–1115|doi=10.1182/blood-2006-07-038299|issn=0006-4971|pmc=1939895|pmid=17473063}}</ref>.
This entity is defined by the presence of neoplastic lymphoblasts containing less than 46 chromosomes, and can be subdivided into near-haploid B-ALL/LBL with hypodiploidy (24–31 chromosomes); low-hypodiploid B-ALL/LBL with hypodiploidy (32–39 chromosomes); and high-hypodiploid B-ALL/LBL with hypodiploidy (40–43 chromosomes)<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":18">{{Cite journal|last=Harrison|first=Christine J.|last2=Moorman|first2=Anthony V.|last3=Broadfield|first3=Zoë J.|last4=Cheung|first4=Kan L.|last5=Harris|first5=Rachel L.|last6=Reza Jalali|first6=G.|last7=Robinson|first7=Hazel M.|last8=Barber|first8=Kerry E.|last9=Richards|first9=Sue M.|date=2004|title=Three distinct subgroups of hypodiploidy in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15147369|journal=British Journal of Haematology|volume=125|issue=5|pages=552–559|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.04948.x|issn=0007-1048|pmid=15147369}}</ref>. Of note, near-diploid cases (44–45 chromosomes) are not included in the hypodiploid category in clinical therapy–directed classification schemes because they do not share the poor prognosis observed<ref name=":14" />. In a study, for patients with 44 chromosomes, monosomy 7, the presence of a dicentric chromosome, or both predicted a worse event-free survival (EFS) but similar overall survival (OS)<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Nachman|first=James B.|last2=Heerema|first2=Nyla A.|last3=Sather|first3=Harland|last4=Camitta|first4=Bruce|last5=Forestier|first5=Erik|last6=Harrison|first6=Christine J.|last7=Dastugue|first7=Nicole|last8=Schrappe|first8=Martin|last9=Pui|first9=Ching-Hon|date=2007|title=Outcome of treatment in children with hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17473063|journal=Blood|volume=110|issue=4|pages=1112–1115|doi=10.1182/blood-2006-07-038299|issn=0006-4971|pmc=1939895|pmid=17473063}}</ref>.
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|Propagation of genetically altered cells.  
|Propagation of genetically altered cells.  
|-
|-
|''IKZF1, IKZF2, IKZF3, PAX5, EBF1, VPREB1''
|''IKZF1, IKZF2, IKZF3, PAX5, EBF1, VPREB1''<ref name=":16" />
|B-cell development  
|B-cell development  
|Altered lymphoid development and differentiation.  
|Altered lymphoid development and differentiation.  
|-
|-
|''PAG1''
|''PAG1<ref name=":16" />''
|BCR signaling  
|BCR signaling  
|Altered regulatory function in proximal B cell–receptor signaling.
|Altered regulatory function in proximal B cell–receptor signaling.
|-
|-
|''ETV6''
|''ETV6<ref name=":16" />''
|Hematopoiesis
|Hematopoiesis
|Not fully elucidated in this entity  
|Not fully elucidated in this entity  
|-
|-
|''ARPP21''
|''ARPP21<ref name=":16" />''
|Calmodulin signaling  
|Calmodulin signaling  
|Not fully elucidated in this entity  
|Not fully elucidated in this entity  
|-
|-
|''SLX4IP''
|''SLX4IP<ref name=":16" />''
|Telomere length maintenance
|Telomere length maintenance
|Not fully elucidated in this entity  
|Not fully elucidated in this entity  
|-
|-
|''CUL5''
|''CUL5<ref name=":16" />''
|Ubiquitin pathway
|Ubiquitin pathway
|Not fully elucidated in this entity  
|Not fully elucidated in this entity  
|-
|-
|''FAM53B''
|''FAM53B<ref name=":16" />''
|Wnt signaling  
|Wnt signaling  
|Not fully elucidated in this entity  
|Not fully elucidated in this entity  
|-
|-
|''PDS5B''
|''PDS5B<ref name=":16" />''
|Cohesis complex
|Cohesis complex
|Not fully elucidated in this entity  
|Not fully elucidated in this entity  
|-
|-
|''ANKRD11, DMD''
|''ANKRD11, DMD<ref name=":16" />''
|Cell adhesion  
|Cell adhesion  
|Not fully elucidated in this entity  
|Not fully elucidated in this entity