Compendium of Cancer Genome Aberrations

HAEM5:Acute myeloid leukaemia with NUP98 rearrangement: Difference between revisions

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Acute myeloid leukaemia with NUP98 rearrangement}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Acute myeloid leukaemia with NUP98 rearrangement}}
[[HAEM5:Table_of_Contents|Haematolymphoid Tumours (WHO Classification, 5th ed.)]]
[[HAEM5:Table_of_Contents|Haematolymphoid Tumours (WHO Classification, 5th ed.)]]


{{Under Construction}}
{{Under Construction}}


<span style="color:#0070C0">(General Instructions – The main focus of these pages is the clinically significant genetic alterations in each disease type. Use [https://www.genenames.org/ <u>HUGO-approved gene names and symbols</u>] (italicized when appropriate), [https://varnomen.hgvs.org/ HGVS-based nomenclature for variants], as well as generic names of drugs and testing platforms or assays if applicable. Please complete tables whenever possible and do not delete them (add N/A if not applicable in the table and delete the examples); to add (or move) a row or column to a table, click within the table and select the > symbol that appears to be given options. Please do not delete or alter the section headings. The use of bullet points alongside short blocks of text rather than only large paragraphs is encouraged. Additional instructions below in italicized blue text should not be included in the final page content. Please also see </span><u>[[Author_Instructions]]</u><span style="color:#0070C0"> and [[Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)|<u>FAQs</u>]] as well as contact your [[Leadership|<u>Associate Editor</u>]] or [mailto:CCGA@cancergenomics.org <u>Technical Support</u>])</span>
<span style="color:#0070C0">(General Instructions – The focus of these pages is the clinically significant genetic alterations in each disease type. This is based on up-to-date knowledge from multiple resources such as PubMed and the WHO classification books. The CCGA is meant to be a supplemental resource to the WHO classification books; the CCGA captures in a continually updated wiki-stye manner the current genetics/genomics knowledge of each disease, which evolves more rapidly than books can be revised and published. If the same disease is described in multiple WHO classification books, the genetics-related information for that disease will be consolidated into a single main page that has this template (other pages would only contain a link to this main page). Use [https://www.genenames.org/ <u>HUGO-approved gene names and symbols</u>] (italicized when appropriate), [https://varnomen.hgvs.org/ <u>HGVS-based nomenclature for variants</u>], as well as generic names of drugs and testing platforms or assays if applicable. Please complete tables whenever possible and do not delete them (add N/A if not applicable in the table and delete the examples); to add (or move) a row or column in a table, click nearby within the table and select the > symbol that appears. Please do not delete or alter the section headings. The use of bullet points alongside short blocks of text rather than only large paragraphs is encouraged. Additional instructions below in italicized blue text should not be included in the final page content. Please also see </span><u>[[Author_Instructions]]</u><span style="color:#0070C0"> and [[Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)|<u>FAQs</u>]] as well as contact your [[Leadership|<u>Associate Editor</u>]] or [mailto:CCGA@cancergenomics.org <u>Technical Support</u>].)</span>


==Primary Author(s)*==
==Primary Author(s)*==


Put your text here<span style="color:#0070C0"> (''<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>'' Jane Smith, PhD) </span>
Eric McGinnis, MD
 
__TOC__


Fatma Albulushi, MD
==WHO Classification of Disease==
==WHO Classification of Disease==


Line 34: Line 34:
|}
|}


==Definition / Description of Disease==
==Related Terminology==
 
Put your text here <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Brief description of approximately one paragraph - include disease context relative to other WHO classification categories, diagnostic criteria if applicable, and differential diagnosis if applicable. Other classifications can be referenced for comparison.'') </span>
 
==Synonyms / Terminology==
 
Put your text here <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Include currently used terms and major historical ones, adding “(historical)” after the latter.'') </span>
 
==Epidemiology / Prevalence==
 
Put your text here
 
==Clinical Features==


Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instruction: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.'') </span>
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Signs and Symptoms'''
|+
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Asymptomatic (incidental finding on complete blood counts)
|Acceptable
 
|N/A
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> B-symptoms (weight loss, fever, night sweats)
 
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Fatigue
 
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Lymphadenopathy (uncommon)
|-
|-
|'''Laboratory Findings'''
|Not Recommended
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Cytopenias
|N/A
 
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Lymphocytosis (low level)
|}
|}


==Sites of Involvement==
==Gene Rearrangements==
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with ''NUP98'' rearrangement is characterized by chromosomal translocations involving ''NUP98'' (nucleoporin 98 and 96 precursor) on chromosome 11p15.4 and various partner genes - more than 40 of such have been reported to date.<ref>Patkar N, Meshinchi S, Westerman D, et al. Acute myeloid leukaemia with NUP98 rearrangement. In: WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. Haematolymphoid tumours. Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2024. . (WHO classification of tumours series, 5th ed.; vol. 11). <nowiki>https://publications.iarc.who.int/637</nowiki>.</ref> The ''NUP98'' gene encodes protein component of the nuclear pore complex which facilitates nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNA and has roles in transcriptional and cell cycle regulation.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Gough|first=Sheryl M.|last2=Slape|first2=Christopher I.|last3=Aplan|first3=Peter D.|date=2011-12-08|title=NUP98 gene fusions and hematopoietic malignancies: common themes and new biologic insights|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21948299|journal=Blood|volume=118|issue=24|pages=6247–6257|doi=10.1182/blood-2011-07-328880|issn=1528-0020|pmc=3236115|pmid=21948299}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Michmerhuizen|first=Nicole L.|last2=Klco|first2=Jeffery M.|last3=Mullighan|first3=Charles G.|date=2020-11-12|title=Mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic approaches for NUP98-rearranged hematologic malignancies|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32766874|journal=Blood|volume=136|issue=20|pages=2275–2289|doi=10.1182/blood.2020007093|issn=1528-0020|pmc=7702474|pmid=32766874}}</ref> NUP98 fusion proteins typically involve the N-terminal portion of NUP98 and the C-terminal portion of the fusion partner.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Gough|first=Sheryl M.|last2=Slape|first2=Christopher I.|last3=Aplan|first3=Peter D.|date=2011-12-08|title=NUP98 gene fusions and hematopoietic malignancies: common themes and new biologic insights|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21948299|journal=Blood|volume=118|issue=24|pages=6247–6257|doi=10.1182/blood-2011-07-328880|issn=1528-0020|pmc=3236115|pmid=21948299}}</ref> Fusion partners commonly include transcription factors (such as ''HOX'' elements, most often ''HOXA9'') or epigenetic regulators (most commonly involving ''NSD1'' or ''KDM5A''), however a range of partners belonging to neither of these categories has been identified, many of which contain coiled-coil domains thought to facilitate oligomerization.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Mohanty|first=Sagarajit|date=2023-09|title=NUP98 Rearrangements in AML: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7523/3/3/11|journal=Onco|language=en|volume=3|issue=3|pages=147–164|doi=10.3390/onco3030011|issn=2673-7523}}</ref><ref name=":3" />
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Driver Gene'''
|'''Fusion(s) and Common Partner Genes'''
|'''Molecular Pathogenesis'''
|'''Typical Chromosomal Alteration(s)'''
|'''Prevalence -Common >20%, Recurrent  5-20% or Rare <5% (Disease)'''
|'''Diagnostic,  Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T'''
|'''Established  Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)'''
|'''Clinical  Relevance Details/Other Notes'''
|-
|''NUP98''
|''NUP98::NSD1''
|Fusion of N-terminal ''NUP98'' (with fusion junction most often involving exons 12-13) to C-terminal ''NSD1''; fusion proteins result in epigenetic modification and dysregulation of ''HOXA''/''HOXB'' family genes, among others, through functional domains in both fusion partners.
|t(5;11)(q35;p15)


Put your text here <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instruction: Indicate physical sites; <span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> nodal, extranodal, bone marrow'') </span>
Usually cryptic
 
|Rare (AML)
==Morphologic Features==
|Defining genetic abnormality in AML
 
|Yes (WHO/ICC)
Put your text here
|Rare though most common recurrent NUP98 rearrangement in children and young adults.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Bertrums|first=Eline J. M.|last2=Smith|first2=Jenny L.|last3=Harmon|first3=Lauren|last4=Ries|first4=Rhonda E.|last5=Wang|first5=Yi-Cheng J.|last6=Alonzo|first6=Todd A.|last7=Menssen|first7=Andrew J.|last8=Chisholm|first8=Karen M.|last9=Leonti|first9=Amanda R.|date=2023-02-23|title=Comprehensive molecular and clinical characterization of NUP98 fusions in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia|url=https://www.haematologica.org/article/view/haematol.2022.281653|journal=Haematologica|language=en|volume=108|issue=8|pages=2044–2058|doi=10.3324/haematol.2022.281653|issn=1592-8721}}</ref>
 
|-
==Immunophenotype==
|''NUP98''
 
|''NUP98::KDM5A''
Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instruction: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.'') </span>
|Fusion of N-terminal ''NUP98'' (fusion junction most often involving exons 13-14) to C-terminal ''KDM5A;'' fusion proteins result in epigenetic modification and dysregulation of ''HOXA''/''HOXB'' family genes, among others, through functional domains in both fusion partners.
|t(11;12)(p15;p13)


{| class="wikitable sortable"
Usually cryptic
|Rare (AML)
|Defining genetic abnormality in AML
|Yes (WHO/ICC)
|Commonly associated with erythroid and megakaryocytic phenotypes  in pediatric AML (acute erythroid leukemia and acute megakaryocytic  leukemia). <ref name=":1" />
|-
|-
!Finding!!Marker
|''NUP98''
|-
|''NUP98::HOXA9''
|Positive (universal)||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> CD1
|Fusion of N-terminal ''NUP98'' (fusion junction most often involving exons 13-14) to C-terminal ''HOXA9;'' fusion proteins result in epigenetic modification and dysregulation of ''HOXA''/''HOXB'' family genes, among others, through functional domains in both fusion partners.
|-
|t(7;11)(p15;p15)
|Positive (subset)||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> CD2
|Rare (AML)
|-
|Defining genetic abnormality in AML
|Negative (universal)||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> CD3
|Yes (WHO/ICC)
|-
|
|Negative (subset)||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> CD4
|}
|}


==Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)==
==Individual Region Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH==
 
{| class="wikitable"
Put your text here and fill in the table
|'''Chr#'''
 
|'''Gain/Loss/Amp/LOH'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|'''Minimal Region Cytoband and/or Genomic  Coordinates [Genome Build; Size]'''
|'''Relevant Gene(s)'''
|'''Diagnostic,  Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T'''
|'''Established  Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)'''
|'''Clinical  Relevance Details/Other Notes'''
|-
|-
!Chromosomal Rearrangement!!Genes in Fusion (5’ or 3’ Segments)!!Pathogenic Derivative!!Prevalence
|8
!Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
|Gain
!Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
|Trisomy 8
!Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
|Unknown
!Notes
|NA
|No
|
|-
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> t(9;22)(q34;q11.2)||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 3'ABL1 / 5'BCR||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> der(22)||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 20% (COSMIC)
|13
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 30% (add reference)
|Loss
|Yes
|13q14.2q14.3<ref name=":2" />
|''RB1''
|NA
|No
|No
|Yes
|Highly enriched in ''NUP98::KDM5A''
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|}


The t(9;22) is diagnostic of CML in the appropriate morphology and clinical context (add reference). This fusion is responsive to targeted therapy such as Imatinib (Gleevec) (add reference).
==Characteristic Chromosomal or Other Global Mutational Patterns==
|}
==Individual Region Genomic Gain / Loss / LOH==


Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Includes aberrations not involving gene fusions. Can include references in the table. Can refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable. Do not delete table.'') </span>


Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(I''nstructions: Included in this category are alterations such as hyperdiploid; gain of odd number chromosomes including typically chromosome 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 17; co-deletion of 1p and 19q; complex karyotypes without characteristic genetic findings; chromothripsis; microsatellite instability; homologous recombination deficiency; mutational signature pattern; etc. Details on clinical significance such as prognosis and other important information can be provided in the notes section. Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.'')</span>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
!Chr #!!Gain / Loss / Amp / LOH!!Minimal Region Genomic Coordinates [Genome Build]!!Minimal Region Cytoband
!Chromosomal Pattern
!Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
!Molecular Pathogenesis
!Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
!Prevalence -
!Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
Common >20%, Recurrent 5-20% or Rare <5% (Disease)
!Notes
!Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T
!Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)
!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes
|-
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
Co-deletion of 1p and 18q
7
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> See chromosomal rearrangements table as this pattern is due to an unbalanced derivative translocation associated with oligodendroglioma (add reference).
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Loss
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (Oligodendroglioma)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> D, P
|
|
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
Microsatellite instability - hypermutated
chr7:1- 159,335,973 [hg38]
|
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (Endometrial carcinoma)
 
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> P, T
chr7
|
|Yes
|
|Yes
|No
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
Presence of monosomy 7 (or 7q deletion) is sufficient for a diagnosis of AML with MDS-related changes when there is ≥20% blasts and no prior therapy (add reference).  Monosomy 7/7q deletion is associated with a poor prognosis in AML (add reference).
|-
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|
 
|
8
|
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Gain
|
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|
 
|
chr8:1-145,138,636 [hg38]
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
chr8
|No
|No
|No
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
Common recurrent secondary finding for t(8;21) (add reference).
|}
|}
==Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns==
==Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)==
Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: This table is not meant to be an exhaustive list; please include only genes/alterations that are recurrent or common as well either disease defining and/or clinically significant. If a gene has multiple mechanisms depending on the type or site of the alteration, add multiple entries in the table. For clinical significance, denote associations with FDA-approved therapy (not an extensive list of applicable drugs) and NCCN or other national guidelines if applicable; Can also refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable as well as any high impact papers or reviews of gene mutations in this entity. Details on clinical significance such as prognosis and other important information such as concomitant and mutually exclusive mutations can be provided in the notes section. Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.'') </span>


Put your text here <span style="color:#0070C0">(''EXAMPLE PATTERNS: hyperdiploid; gain of odd number chromosomes including typically chromosome 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 17; co-deletion of 1p and 19q; complex karyotypes without characteristic genetic findings; chromothripsis. Do not delete table.'')</span>
FLT3-ITD and WT1 mutation are recurring events in NUP98::NSD1 and was also observed in some NUP98::HOXA9 AML patients.(R1). Loss of RB1 at 13q14 is particularly associated with NUP98::KDM5A
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|'''Gene'''
|'''Genetic Alteration'''
|'''Tumor Suppressor Gene (TSG)/Oncogene/Other'''
|'''Prevalence -Common >20%, Recurrent 5-20% or Rare <5% (Disease)'''
|'''Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic  Significance - D, P, T'''
|'''Established Clinical Significance Per  Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)'''
|'''Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes'''
|-
|-
!Chromosomal Pattern
|''FLT3''
!Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
|Internal tandem duplication
!Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
|Oncogene
!Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
|Recurrent-Common (frequency varies with fusion partner)
!Notes
|P,T
|Yes (ELN 2022; independent of fusion)
|High frequency in AML with ''NUP98::NSD1''; reported association with adverse prognosis specifically in context of ''NUP98::NSD1''<ref name=":4" />
|-
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|''WT1''
 
|Gain or loss of function
Co-deletion of 1p and 18q
|Oncogene/Tumor Suppressor Gene
|Yes
|Recurrent-Common (frequency varies with fusion partner)
|
|No
|No
|High frequency in AML with ''NUP98::NSD1;'' reported association with adverse prognosis specifically in context of ''NUP98::NSD1''<ref name=":4" />
|-
|''KRAS''
|Gain of function
|Oncogene
|Recurrent
|
|No
|No
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|
 
See chromosomal rearrangements table as this pattern is due to an unbalanced derivative translocation associated with oligodendroglioma (add reference).
|}
==Gene Mutations (SNV / INDEL)==
 
Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: This table is not meant to be an exhaustive list; please include only genes/alterations that are recurrent and common as well as either disease defining and/or clinically significant. Can include references in the table. For clinical significance, denote associations with FDA-approved therapy (not an extensive list of applicable drugs) and NCCN or other national guidelines if applicable. Can also refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable as well as any high impact papers or reviews of gene mutations in this entity. Do not delete table.'') </span>
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
!Gene; Genetic Alteration!!'''Presumed Mechanism (Tumor Suppressor Gene [TSG] / Oncogene / Other)'''!!'''Prevalence (COSMIC /  TCGA / Other)'''!!'''Concomitant Mutations'''!!'''Mutually Exclusive Mutations'''
|''NRAS''
!'''Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)'''
|Gain of function
!Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
|Oncogene
!Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
|Recurrent
!Notes
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> TP53; Variable LOF mutations
 
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
EGFR; Exon 20 mutations
 
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> BRAF; Activating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> TSG
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 20% (COSMIC)
 
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 30% (add Reference)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> IDH1 R123H
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> EGFR amplification
|
|
|
|No
|
|
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>  Excludes hairy cell leukemia (HCL) (add reference).
<br />
|}
|}
Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in cBioportal (https://www.cbioportal.org/), COSMIC (https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic), ICGC (https://dcc.icgc.org/) and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.
Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in [https://www.cbioportal.org/ <u>cBioportal</u>], [https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic <u>COSMIC</u>], and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.


==Epigenomic Alterations==
==Epigenomic Alterations==


Put your text here
Put your text here
==Genes and Main Pathways Involved==


==Genes and Main Pathways Involved==


Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.'')</span>
Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.)''</span>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
!Gene; Genetic Alteration!!Pathway!!Pathophysiologic Outcome
!Gene; Genetic Alteration!!Pathway!!Pathophysiologic Outcome
|-
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> BRAF and MAP2K1; Activating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''BRAF'' and ''MAP2K1''; Activating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> MAPK signaling
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> MAPK signaling
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Increased cell growth and proliferation
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Increased cell growth and proliferation
|-
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> CDKN2A; Inactivating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''CDKN2A''; Inactivating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Cell cycle regulation
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Cell cycle regulation
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Unregulated cell division
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Unregulated cell division
|-
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>  KMT2C and ARID1A; Inactivating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''KMT2C'' and ''ARID1A''; Inactivating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>  Histone modification, chromatin remodeling
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Histone modification, chromatin remodeling
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>  Abnormal gene expression program
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Abnormal gene expression program
|-
|
|
|
|}
|}
==Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods==
==Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods==


Put your text here
Rearrangements involving NUP98 are often cryptic on conventional karyotype, owing to terminal location of NUP98 on chromosome 11p15.4. Most patients have a normal karyotype. Diagnosis is established using the following tests:
 
*FISH using NUP98 break-apart probes
*RT-PCR for fusion proteins like NUP98::NSD1
*RNA sequencing
*Optical Genome Mapping (OGM)
 
<br />
[[File:NUP98 NSD1.png|none|thumb|617x617px|Karyotype image of NUP98 rearranged acute myeloid leukemia. Due to the cryptic nature of NUP98 rearrangement, karyotype is usually normal. ]]
[[File:T(5;11).jpg|none|thumb|584x584px|Optical genome mapping. Figure A showing circus plot with t(5;11). Figure B showing exact breakpoints of the translocation leading to NUP98::NSD1 fusion. Figure C showing WT1 deletion which is a common secondary event in NUP98 rearranged AML.]]
<br />


==Familial Forms==
==Familial Forms==


Put your text here <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Include associated hereditary conditions/syndromes that cause this entity or are caused by this entity.'') </span>
Put your text here <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Include associated hereditary conditions/syndromes that cause this entity or are caused by this entity.'') </span>
==Additional Information==
==Additional Information==


Put your text here
<br />


==Links==
==Links==


Put your text placeholder here (or anywhere appropriate on the page) and use the "Link" icon at the top of the page <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Highlight text to which you want to add a link in this section or elsewhere, select the "Link" icon at the top of the page, and search the name of the internal page to which you want to link this text, or enter an external internet address by including the "<nowiki>http://www</nowiki>." portion.'')</span>


Put a link here or anywhere appropriate in this page <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Highlight the text to which you want to add a link in this section or elsewhere, select the "Link" icon at the top of the wiki page, and search the name of the internal page to which you want to link this text, or enter an external internet address by including the "<nowiki>http://www</nowiki>." portion.'')</span>
==References==
==References==
(use the "Cite" icon at the top of the page) <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Add each reference into the text above by clicking on where you want to insert the reference, selecting the “Cite” icon at the top of the page, and using the “Automatic” tab option to search such as by PMID to select the reference to insert. The reference list in this section will be automatically generated and sorted.''</span> <span style="color:#0070C0">''If a PMID is not available, such as for a book, please use the “Cite” icon, select “Manual” and then “Basic Form”, and include the entire reference''</span><span style="color:#0070C0">''.''</span><span style="color:#0070C0">) </span> <references />


'''EXAMPLE Book'''


#Arber DA, et al., (2017). Acute myeloid leukaemia with recurrent genetic abnormalities, in World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, Revised 4th edition. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J, Arber DA, Hasserjian RP, Le Beau MM, Orazi A, and Siebert R, Editors. IARC Press: Lyon, France, p129-171.
(use the "Cite" icon at the top of the page) <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Add each reference into the text above by clicking where you want to insert the reference, selecting the “Cite” icon at the top of the wiki page, and using the “Automatic” tab option to search by PMID to select the reference to insert. If a PMID is not available, such as for a book, please use the “Cite” icon, select “Manual” and then “Basic Form”, and include the entire reference. To insert the same reference again later in the page, select the “Cite” icon and “Re-use” to find the reference; DO NOT insert the same reference twice using the “Automatic” tab as it will be treated as two separate references. The reference list in this section will be automatically generated and sorted''</span><span style="color:#0070C0">''.''</span><span style="color:#0070C0">)</span>
==Notes==
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Primary authors will typically be those that initially create and complete the content of a page.  If a subsequent user modifies the content and feels the effort put forth is of high enough significance to warrant listing in the authorship section, please contact the [[Leadership|''<u>Associate Editor</u>'']] or other CCGA representative.  When pages have a major update, the new author will be acknowledged at the beginning of the page, and those who contributed previously will be acknowledged below as a prior author.
 
Prior Author(s):


==Notes==
       
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Primary authors will typically be those that initially create and complete the content of a page.  If a subsequent user modifies the content and feels the effort put forth is of high enough significance to warrant listing in the authorship section, please contact the CCGA coordinators (contact information provided on the homepage).  Additional global feedback or concerns are also welcome.
<nowiki>*</nowiki>''Citation of this Page'': “Acute myeloid leukaemia with NUP98 rearrangement”. Compendium of Cancer Genome Aberrations (CCGA), Cancer Genomics Consortium (CGC), updated {{REVISIONMONTH}}/{{REVISIONDAY}}/{{REVISIONYEAR}}, <nowiki>https://ccga.io/index.php/HAEM5:Acute_myeloid_leukaemia_with_NUP98_rearrangement</nowiki>.
<nowiki>*</nowiki>''Citation of this Page'': “Acute myeloid leukaemia with NUP98 rearrangement”. Compendium of Cancer Genome Aberrations (CCGA), Cancer Genomics Consortium (CGC), updated {{REVISIONMONTH}}/{{REVISIONDAY}}/{{REVISIONYEAR}}, <nowiki>https://ccga.io/index.php/HAEM5:Acute_myeloid_leukaemia_with_NUP98_rearrangement</nowiki>.
[[Category:HAEM5]][[Category:DISEASE]][[Category:Diseases A]]
[[Category:HAEM5]]
[[Category:DISEASE]]
[[Category:Diseases A]]
<references />
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