Compendium of Cancer Genome Aberrations

HAEM5:Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, NOS: Difference between revisions

[checked revision][checked revision]
← Older edit
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 4: Line 4:
{{Under Construction}}
{{Under Construction}}


<blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=Content Update To WHO 5th Edition Classification Is In Process; Content Below is Based on WHO 4th Edition Classification|This page was converted to the new template on 2023-12-07. The original page can be found at [[HAEM4:Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MDS/MPN), Unclassifiable]].
<blockquote class="blockedit">{{Box-round|title=Content Update To WHO 5th Edition Classification Is In Process; Content Below is Based on WHO 4th Edition Classification|This page was converted to the new template on 2023-12-07. The original page can be found at [[HAEM4:Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MDS/MPN), Unclassifiable]].
}}</blockquote>
}}</blockquote>


<span style="color:#0070C0">(General Instructions – The main focus of these pages is the clinically significant genetic alterations in each disease type. Use [https://www.genenames.org/ <u>HUGO-approved gene names and symbols</u>] (italicized when appropriate), [https://varnomen.hgvs.org/ HGVS-based nomenclature for variants], as well as generic names of drugs and testing platforms or assays if applicable. Please complete tables whenever possible and do not delete them (add N/A if not applicable in the table and delete the examples); to add (or move) a row or column to a table, click within the table and select the > symbol that appears to be given options. Please do not delete or alter the section headings. The use of bullet points alongside short blocks of text rather than only large paragraphs is encouraged. Additional instructions below in italicized blue text should not be included in the final page content. Please also see </span><u>[[Author_Instructions]]</u><span style="color:#0070C0"> and [[Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)|<u>FAQs</u>]] as well as contact your [[Leadership|<u>Associate Editor</u>]] or [mailto:CCGA@cancergenomics.org <u>Technical Support</u>])</span>
<span style="color:#0070C0">(General Instructions – The focus of these pages is the clinically significant genetic alterations in each disease type. This is based on up-to-date knowledge from multiple resources such as PubMed and the WHO classification books. The CCGA is meant to be a supplemental resource to the WHO classification books; the CCGA captures in a continually updated wiki-stye manner the current genetics/genomics knowledge of each disease, which evolves more rapidly than books can be revised and published. If the same disease is described in multiple WHO classification books, the genetics-related information for that disease will be consolidated into a single main page that has this template (other pages would only contain a link to this main page). Use [https://www.genenames.org/ <u>HUGO-approved gene names and symbols</u>] (italicized when appropriate), [https://varnomen.hgvs.org/ <u>HGVS-based nomenclature for variants</u>], as well as generic names of drugs and testing platforms or assays if applicable. Please complete tables whenever possible and do not delete them (add N/A if not applicable in the table and delete the examples); to add (or move) a row or column in a table, click nearby within the table and select the > symbol that appears. Please do not delete or alter the section headings. The use of bullet points alongside short blocks of text rather than only large paragraphs is encouraged. Additional instructions below in italicized blue text should not be included in the final page content. Please also see </span><u>[[Author_Instructions]]</u><span style="color:#0070C0"> and [[Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)|<u>FAQs</u>]] as well as contact your [[Leadership|<u>Associate Editor</u>]] or [mailto:CCGA@cancergenomics.org <u>Technical Support</u>].)</span>


==Primary Author(s)*==
==Primary Author(s)*==
Line 15: Line 15:


Melbourne, Australia
Melbourne, Australia
__TOC__
==WHO Classification of Disease==
==WHO Classification of Disease==


Line 40: Line 37:
|}
|}


==Definition / Description of Disease==
==Related Terminology==


MDS/MPN-U are a heterogeneous group of myeloid neoplasms meeting the criteria for MDS/MPN at onset, without the defining features of one of the other categories of MDS/MPN, i.e. chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML), atypical chronic myeloid leukaemia, ''BCR-ABL1''-negative (aCML) or myelodysplastic / myeloproliferative neoplasm with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN-RS-T). <ref name=":0">Orazi A, et al., (2017). Myelodysplastic / myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable, in World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, Revised 4th edition. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J, Arber DA, Hasserjian RP, Le Beau MM, Orazi A, and Siebert R, Editors. IARC Press: Lyon, France, p95-96.</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Ti|first=Mughal|last2=Nc|first2=Cross|last3=E|first3=Padron|last4=Rv|first4=Tiu|last5=M|first5=Savona|last6=L|first6=Malcovati|last7=R|first7=Tibes|last8=Rs|first8=Komrokji|last9=Jj|first9=Kiladjian|date=2015|title=An International MDS/MPN Working Group's perspective and recommendations on molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical characterization of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26341525/|language=en|doi=10.3324/haematol.2014.114660|pmc=PMC4800699|pmid=26341525}}</ref>
MDS/MPN-U is the most poorly characterised of the MDS/MPN subgroups <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=P|first=Bose|last2=A|first2=Nazha|last3=Rs|first3=Komrokji|last4=Kp|first4=Patel|last5=Sa|first5=Pierce|last6=N|first6=Al-Ali|last7=A|first7=Sochacki|last8=A|first8=Shaver|last9=W|first9=Ma|date=2018|title=Mutational landscape of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm-unclassifiable|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30242087/|language=en|doi=10.1182/blood-2018-05-848473|pmc=PMC6236463|pmid=30242087}}</ref>.
*< 20% blasts in the peripheral blood and bone marrow
*Clinical and morphological features of a category of MDS
**'''excluding''' any case meeting the criteria for MDS with isolated del(5q)
*Platelet count of ≥ 450 ×10/L with bone marrow megakaryocytic proliferation and/or a white bood cell count of ≥ 13 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L
*Myelodysplastic / myeloproliferative features not explained by recent cytotoxic or growth factor therapy
*Excludes cases with ''PDGFRA'', ''PDGFRB'' and ''FGFR1'' rearrangement and ''PCM1-JAK2'' <ref name=":0" />
When an underlying MPN has not been identified, the category of MDS/MPN-U is appropriate. <ref name=":0" />
Cases with features of MDS/MPN-U may arise due to prior exposure to treatment and are included in the [[HAEM5:Myeloid neoplasm post cytotoxic therapy|Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms]] (t-MN).
Well-defined MPN which subsequently develop dysplastic features and progress to a more aggressive phase are excluded from this category.
Palomo ''et al.'' <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=L|first=Palomo|last2=M|first2=Meggendorfer|last3=S|first3=Hutter|last4=S|first4=Twardziok|last5=V|first5=Adema|last6=I|first6=Fuhrmann|last7=F|first7=Fuster-Tormo|last8=B|first8=Xicoy|last9=L|first9=Zamora|date=2020|title=Molecular landscape and clonal architecture of adult myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32573691/|language=en|pmid=32573691}}</ref> proposed sub-categories of MDS/MPN-U based on the molecular signature. See [[Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MDS/MPN), Unclassifiable#Gene Mutations .28SNV.2FINDEL.29|Gene Mutations]] below.
==Synonyms / Terminology==
*Chronic myelodysplastic / myeloproliferative disease (no longer used)
*Mixed myeloproliferative / myelodysplastic syndrome, unclassifiable
*Overlap syndrome, unclassifiable <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
==Epidemiology / Prevalence==
*Less than 5% of myeloid malignancies<ref>{{Cite journal|last=L|first=Cannella|last2=M|first2=Breccia|last3=R|first3=Latagliata|last4=A|first4=Frustaci|last5=G|first5=Alimena|date=2008|title=Clinical and prognostic features of patients with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative syndrome categorized as unclassified (MDS/MPD-U) by WHO classification|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17709138/|language=en|pmid=17709138}}</ref>
*Median age: reports vary from 70 <ref name=":1" /> to 75 <ref name=":2" />
*Male:female ratio 2:1 <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />
==Clinical Features==
Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instruction: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.'') </span>
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Signs and Symptoms'''
|+
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Asymptomatic (incidental finding on complete blood counts)
|Acceptable
 
|Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> B-symptoms (weight loss, fever, night sweats)
 
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Fatigue
 
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Lymphadenopathy (uncommon)
|-
|-
|'''Laboratory Findings'''
|Not Recommended
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Cytopenias
|N/A
 
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Lymphocytosis (low level)
|}
|}


==Gene Rearrangements==


<blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=v4:Clinical Features|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}}</blockquote>
*Overlap with [[HAEM4:Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)|MDS]] and [[HAEM4:Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN)|MPN]] <ref name=":0" />
*Clinically the most heterogeneous of the MDS/MPN <ref name=":3" />
*Does not have features that define it as belonging to any of the other categories of MDS/MPN <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
<blockquote class="blockedit">
<center><span style="color:Maroon">'''End of V4 Section'''</span>
----
</blockquote>
==Sites of Involvement==
*Peripheral blood and bone marrow always involved
*Extramedullary tissues may be involved <ref name=":0" />
==Morphologic Features==
Co-occurrence of myeloid lineages with (i) ineffective and/or dysplastic proliferation and (ii) effective proliferation with or without dysplasia
*Usually with anaemia, with or without macrocytosis
*Thrombocytosis (platelets ≥ 450 x 10<sup>9</sup>/L) or leucocytosis (white blood cells ≥ 13 x 10<sup>9</sup>/L)
*Dysgranulopoiesis in about 50% of cases
*Giant or hypogranular platelets in some
*Dysmegakaryopoiesis with megakaryocytes resembling those in MDS in >50% of cases, otherwise varying proportions of MDS-like and MPN-like megakaryocytes
*No dysmegakaryopoiesis in <10% of cases
*Blasts < 20% in bone marrow and peripheral blood
*Proliferation in any or all of myeloid lineages in bone marrow biopsy
*≥ 10% of at least one cell line <ref name=":0" />
Palomo ''et al.''<nowiki/>'s MDS/MPN-U sub-categories  defined by molecular profile <ref name=":3" /> (see Gene Mutations below) tend to have:
*CMML-like: higher monocyte count
*aCML-like: higher white blood cell count
*MDS/MPN-RS-T-like: higher ring sideroblast percentage
*''TP53'': more anaemia and higher blast percentage
*other: ''JAK2'' mutations correlated with thrombocytosis
==Immunophenotype==
Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instruction: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.'') </span>


Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Details on clinical significance such as prognosis and other important information can be provided in the notes section. Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.'')</span>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
!Finding!!Marker
!Driver Gene!!Fusion(s) and Common Partner Genes!!Molecular Pathogenesis!!Typical Chromosomal Alteration(s)
!Prevalence -Common >20%, Recurrent 5-20% or Rare <5% (Disease)
!Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T
!Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)
!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes
|-
|-
|Positive (universal)||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> CD1
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''ABL1''||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''BCR::ABL1''||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> The pathogenic derivative is the der(22) resulting in fusion of 5’ BCR and 3’ABL1.||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> t(9;22)(q34;q11.2)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (CML)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> D, P, T
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Yes (WHO, NCCN)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
The t(9;22) is diagnostic of CML in the appropriate morphology and clinical context (add reference). This fusion is responsive to targeted therapy such as Imatinib (Gleevec) (add reference). BCR::ABL1 is generally favorable in CML (add reference).
|-
|-
|Positive (subset)||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> CD2
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''CIC''
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''CIC::DUX4''
|Negative (universal)||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> CD3
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Typically, the last exon of ''CIC'' is fused to ''DUX4''. The fusion breakpoint in ''CIC'' is usually intra-exonic and removes an inhibitory sequence, upregulating ''PEA3'' genes downstream of ''CIC'' including ''ETV1'', ''ETV4'', and ''ETV5''.
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> t(4;19)(q25;q13)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (CIC-rearranged sarcoma)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> D
|
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
''DUX4'' has many homologous genes; an alternate translocation in a minority of cases is t(10;19), but this is usually indistinguishable from t(4;19) by short-read sequencing (add references).
|-
|-
|Negative (subset)||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> CD4
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''ALK''
|}
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''ELM4::ALK''




<blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=v4:Immunophenotype|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}}</blockquote>
Other fusion partners include ''KIF5B, NPM1, STRN, TFG, TPM3, CLTC, KLC1''
 
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Fusions result in constitutive activation of the ''ALK'' tyrosine kinase. The most common ''ALK'' fusion is ''EML4::ALK'', with breakpoints in intron 19 of ''ALK''. At the transcript level, a variable (5’) partner gene is fused to 3’ ''ALK'' at exon 20. Rarely, ''ALK'' fusions contain exon 19 due to breakpoints in intron 18.
May be similar to that of [[HAEM4:Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)|MDS]] or [[HAEM4:Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN)|MPN]] <ref name=":0" />
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> N/A
 
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Rare (Lung adenocarcinoma)
<blockquote class="blockedit">
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> T
<center><span style="color:Maroon">'''End of V4 Section'''</span>
|
----
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
</blockquote>
==Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)==
 
Put your text here and fill in the table


{| class="wikitable sortable"
Both balanced and unbalanced forms are observed by FISH (add references).
|-
|-
!Chromosomal Rearrangement!!Genes in Fusion (5’ or 3’ Segments)!!Pathogenic Derivative!!Prevalence
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''ABL1''
!Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> N/A
!Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Intragenic deletion of exons 2–7 in ''EGFR'' removes the ligand-binding domain, resulting in a constitutively active tyrosine kinase with downstream activation of multiple oncogenic pathways.
!Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> N/A
!Notes
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Recurrent (IDH-wildtype Glioblastoma)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> D, P, T
|
|
|-
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> t(9;22)(q34;q11.2)||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 3'ABL1 / 5'BCR||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> der(22)||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 20% (COSMIC)
|
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 30% (add reference)
|
|Yes
|
|No
|
|Yes
|
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|
 
|
The t(9;22) is diagnostic of CML in the appropriate morphology and clinical context (add reference). This fusion is responsive to targeted therapy such as Imatinib (Gleevec) (add reference).
|
|}
|}


<blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=v4:Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}}</blockquote>
<blockquote class="blockedit">{{Box-round|title=v4:Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}}</blockquote>


*None identified
*None identified
*''BCR-ABL1'' fusion should be excluded
*''BCR-ABL1'' fusion should be excluded
*Absence of ''PDGFRA'', ''PDGFRB'' and ''FGFR1'' rearrangements, absence of ''PCM1-JAK2'' fusion <ref name=":0" />
*Absence of ''PDGFRA'', ''PDGFRB'' and ''FGFR1'' rearrangements, absence of ''PCM1-JAK2'' fusion <ref name=":0">Orazi A, et al., (2017). Myelodysplastic / myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable, in World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, Revised 4th edition. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J, Arber DA, Hasserjian RP, Le Beau MM, Orazi A, and Siebert R, Editors. IARC Press: Lyon, France, p95-96.</ref>


<blockquote class="blockedit">
<blockquote class="blockedit">
Line 191: Line 123:




<blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=v4:Clinical Significance (Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Implications).|Please incorporate this section into the relevant tables found in:
<blockquote class="blockedit">{{Box-round|title=v4:Clinical Significance (Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Implications).|Please incorporate this section into the relevant tables found in:
* Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)
* Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)
* Individual Region Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH
* Individual Region Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH
Line 198: Line 130:


*Prognosis is variable and not well documented <ref name=":0" />
*Prognosis is variable and not well documented <ref name=":0" />
*There are few data regarding an appropriate prognostic scoring system <ref name=":0" />, but IPSS-R <ref name=":2" />or IPSS <ref name=":5" /> have been prognostically useful
*There are few data regarding an appropriate prognostic scoring system <ref name=":0" />, but IPSS-R <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=P|first=Bose|last2=A|first2=Nazha|last3=Rs|first3=Komrokji|last4=Kp|first4=Patel|last5=Sa|first5=Pierce|last6=N|first6=Al-Ali|last7=A|first7=Sochacki|last8=A|first8=Shaver|last9=W|first9=Ma|date=2018|title=Mutational landscape of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm-unclassifiable|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30242087/|language=en|doi=10.1182/blood-2018-05-848473|pmc=PMC6236463|pmid=30242087}}</ref>or IPSS <ref name=":5" /> have been prognostically useful
*Median overall survival (OS) from various reports: 80 months <ref name=":3" />; 21.8 months <ref name=":4" />; 12 months <ref name=":2" />
*Median overall survival (OS) from various reports: 80 months <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=L|first=Palomo|last2=M|first2=Meggendorfer|last3=S|first3=Hutter|last4=S|first4=Twardziok|last5=V|first5=Adema|last6=I|first6=Fuhrmann|last7=F|first7=Fuster-Tormo|last8=B|first8=Xicoy|last9=L|first9=Zamora|date=2020|title=Molecular landscape and clonal architecture of adult myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32573691/|language=en|pmid=32573691}}</ref>; 21.8 months <ref name=":4" />; 12 months <ref name=":2" />
*Leukaemia-free survival: 18.9 months <ref name=":4" />; 10.8 months <ref name=":2" />
*Leukaemia-free survival: 18.9 months <ref name=":4" />; 10.8 months <ref name=":2" />
*Leukaemic transformation: 10% <ref name=":3" />; 16% after a median of 10.8 months <ref name=":2" />;   
*Leukaemic transformation: 10% <ref name=":3" />; 16% after a median of 10.8 months <ref name=":2" />;   
Line 216: Line 148:
----
----
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
==Individual Region Genomic Gain / Loss / LOH==
==Individual Region Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH==


Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Includes aberrations not involving gene fusions. Can include references in the table. Can refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable. Do not delete table.'') </span>


Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Includes aberrations not involving gene rearrangements. Details on clinical significance such as prognosis and other important information can be provided in the notes section. Can refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable. Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.'') </span>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
!Chr #!!Gain / Loss / Amp / LOH!!Minimal Region Genomic Coordinates [Genome Build]!!Minimal Region Cytoband
!Chr #!!Gain, Loss, Amp, LOH!!Minimal Region Cytoband and/or Genomic Coordinates [Genome Build; Size]!!Relevant Gene(s)
!Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
!Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T
!Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
!Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)
!Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes
!Notes
|-
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
7
7
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Loss
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Loss
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
chr7
chr7:1- 159,335,973 [hg38]
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
Unknown
chr7
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> D, P
|Yes
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> No
|Yes
|No
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
Presence of monosomy 7 (or 7q deletion) is sufficient for a diagnosis of AML with MDS-related changes when there is ≥20% blasts and no prior therapy (add reference).  Monosomy 7/7q deletion is associated with a poor prognosis in AML (add references).
Presence of monosomy 7 (or 7q deletion) is sufficient for a diagnosis of AML with MDS-related changes when there is ≥20% blasts and no prior therapy (add reference).  Monosomy 7/7q deletion is associated with a poor prognosis in AML (add reference).
|-
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
8
8
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Gain
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Gain
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
chr8
chr8:1-145,138,636 [hg38]
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
Unknown
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> D, P
|
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
Common recurrent secondary finding for t(8;21) (add references).
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
17
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Amp
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
17q12; chr17:39,700,064-39,728,658 [hg38; 28.6 kb]
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
''ERBB2''
chr8
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> D, P, T
|No
|
|No
|No
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
Amplification of ''ERBB2'' is associated with HER2 overexpression in HER2 positive breast cancer (add references). Add criteria for how amplification is defined.
Common recurrent secondary finding for t(8;21) (add reference).
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
|}


<blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=v4:Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}}</blockquote>
<blockquote class="blockedit">{{Box-round|title=v4:Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}}</blockquote>


One study identified very few recurrent gains and losses below the level of cytogenetic detection <ref name=":3" />.  
One study identified very few recurrent gains and losses below the level of cytogenetic detection <ref name=":3" />.  
Line 271: Line 212:
----
----
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
==Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns==
==Characteristic Chromosomal or Other Global Mutational Patterns==


Put your text here <span style="color:#0070C0">(''EXAMPLE PATTERNS: hyperdiploid; gain of odd number chromosomes including typically chromosome 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 17; co-deletion of 1p and 19q; complex karyotypes without characteristic genetic findings; chromothripsis. Do not delete table.'')</span>


Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(I''nstructions: Included in this category are alterations such as hyperdiploid; gain of odd number chromosomes including typically chromosome 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 17; co-deletion of 1p and 19q; complex karyotypes without characteristic genetic findings; chromothripsis; microsatellite instability; homologous recombination deficiency; mutational signature pattern; etc. Details on clinical significance such as prognosis and other important information can be provided in the notes section. Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.'')</span>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
!Chromosomal Pattern
!Chromosomal Pattern
!Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
!Molecular Pathogenesis
!Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
!Prevalence -
!Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
Common >20%, Recurrent 5-20% or Rare <5% (Disease)
!Notes
!Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T
!Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)
!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes
|-
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
Co-deletion of 1p and 18q
Co-deletion of 1p and 18q
|Yes
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> See chromosomal rearrangements table as this pattern is due to an unbalanced derivative translocation associated with oligodendroglioma (add reference).
|No
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (Oligodendroglioma)
|No
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> D, P
|
|
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
Microsatellite instability - hypermutated
See chromosomal rearrangements table as this pattern is due to an unbalanced derivative translocation associated with oligodendroglioma (add reference).
|
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (Endometrial carcinoma)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> P, T
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
|}


<blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=v4:Characteristic Chromosomal Aberrations / Patterns|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}}</blockquote>
<blockquote class="blockedit">{{Box-round|title=v4:Characteristic Chromosomal Aberrations / Patterns|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}}</blockquote>


*None specific to MDS/MPN-U
*None specific to MDS/MPN-U
Line 314: Line 270:
----
----
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
==Gene Mutations (SNV / INDEL)==
==Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)==


Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: This table is not meant to be an exhaustive list; please include only genes/alterations that are recurrent and common as well as either disease defining and/or clinically significant. Can include references in the table. For clinical significance, denote associations with FDA-approved therapy (not an extensive list of applicable drugs) and NCCN or other national guidelines if applicable. Can also refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable as well as any high impact papers or reviews of gene mutations in this entity. Do not delete table.'') </span>


Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: This table is not meant to be an exhaustive list; please include only genes/alterations that are recurrent or common as well either disease defining and/or clinically significant. If a gene has multiple mechanisms depending on the type or site of the alteration, add multiple entries in the table. For clinical significance, denote associations with FDA-approved therapy (not an extensive list of applicable drugs) and NCCN or other national guidelines if applicable; Can also refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable as well as any high impact papers or reviews of gene mutations in this entity. Details on clinical significance such as prognosis and other important information such as concomitant and mutually exclusive mutations can be provided in the notes section. Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.'') </span>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
!Gene; Genetic Alteration!!'''Presumed Mechanism (Tumor Suppressor Gene [TSG] / Oncogene / Other)'''!!'''Prevalence (COSMIC /  TCGA / Other)'''!!'''Concomitant Mutations'''!!'''Mutually Exclusive Mutations'''
!Gene!!Genetic Alteration!!Tumor Suppressor Gene, Oncogene, Other!!Prevalence -
!'''Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)'''
Common >20%, Recurrent 5-20% or Rare <5% (Disease)
!Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
!Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T  
!Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
!Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)
!Notes
!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes
|-
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> TP53; Variable LOF mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>''EGFR''


<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
<br />
 
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Exon 18-21 activating mutations
EGFR; Exon 20 mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Oncogene
 
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (lung cancer)
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> BRAF; Activating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> T
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> TSG
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Yes (NCCN)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 20% (COSMIC)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Exons 18, 19, and 21 mutations are targetable for therapy. Exon 20 T790M variants cause resistance to first generation TKI therapy and are targetable by second and third generation TKIs (add references).
 
|-
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 30% (add Reference)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''TP53''; Variable LOF mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> IDH1 R123H
<br />
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> EGFR amplification
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Variable LOF mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Tumor Supressor Gene
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (breast cancer)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> P
|
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> >90% are somatic; rare germline alterations associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (add reference). Denotes a poor prognosis in breast cancer.
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''BRAF''; Activating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Activating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Oncogene
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (melanoma)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> T
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>  Excludes hairy cell leukemia (HCL) (add reference).
|}Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in [https://www.cbioportal.org/ <u>cBioportal</u>], [https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic <u>COSMIC</u>], and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.
<br />
|}
Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in cBioportal (https://www.cbioportal.org/), COSMIC (https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic), ICGC (https://dcc.icgc.org/) and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.
 


<blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=v4:Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}}</blockquote>
<blockquote class="blockedit">{{Box-round|title=v4:Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}}</blockquote>


Amongst the MDS/MPN subtypes, MDS/MPN-U has the most heterogeneous mutation profile. In one study it was most strongly correlated with ''U2AF1'' and ''TP53'' mutations <ref name=":3" />.
Amongst the MDS/MPN subtypes, MDS/MPN-U has the most heterogeneous mutation profile. In one study it was most strongly correlated with ''U2AF1'' and ''TP53'' mutations <ref name=":3" />.
Line 409: Line 379:
==Genes and Main Pathways Involved==
==Genes and Main Pathways Involved==


Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.'')</span>
 
Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.)''</span>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
!Gene; Genetic Alteration!!Pathway!!Pathophysiologic Outcome
!Gene; Genetic Alteration!!Pathway!!Pathophysiologic Outcome
|-
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> BRAF and MAP2K1; Activating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''BRAF'' and ''MAP2K1''; Activating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> MAPK signaling
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> MAPK signaling
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Increased cell growth and proliferation
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Increased cell growth and proliferation
|-
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> CDKN2A; Inactivating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''CDKN2A''; Inactivating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Cell cycle regulation
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Cell cycle regulation
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Unregulated cell division
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Unregulated cell division
|-
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>  KMT2C and ARID1A; Inactivating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''KMT2C'' and ''ARID1A''; Inactivating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>  Histone modification, chromatin remodeling
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Histone modification, chromatin remodeling
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>  Abnormal gene expression program
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Abnormal gene expression program
|-
|
|
|
|}
|}


<blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=v4:Genes and Main Pathways Involved|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}}</blockquote>
<blockquote class="blockedit">{{Box-round|title=v4:Genes and Main Pathways Involved|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}}</blockquote>


*Major drivers / early mutations in epigenetic regulators (''ASXL1, TET2)'' and splicing factors (''SRSF2'') <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3" />
*Major drivers / early mutations in epigenetic regulators (''ASXL1, TET2)'' and splicing factors (''SRSF2'') <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3" />
Line 452: Line 427:
==Links==
==Links==


Put your text placeholder here (or anywhere appropriate on the page) and use the "Link" icon at the top of the page <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Highlight text to which you want to add a link in this section or elsewhere, select the "Link" icon at the top of the page, and search the name of the internal page to which you want to link this text, or enter an external internet address by including the "<nowiki>http://www</nowiki>." portion.'')</span>


Put a link here or anywhere appropriate in this page <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Highlight the text to which you want to add a link in this section or elsewhere, select the "Link" icon at the top of the wiki page, and search the name of the internal page to which you want to link this text, or enter an external internet address by including the "<nowiki>http://www</nowiki>." portion.'')</span>
==References==
==References==
(use the "Cite" icon at the top of the page) <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Add each reference into the text above by clicking on where you want to insert the reference, selecting the “Cite” icon at the top of the page, and using the “Automatic” tab option to search such as by PMID to select the reference to insert. The reference list in this section will be automatically generated and sorted.''</span> <span style="color:#0070C0">''If a PMID is not available, such as for a book, please use the “Cite” icon, select “Manual” and then “Basic Form”, and include the entire reference''</span><span style="color:#0070C0">''.''</span><span style="color:#0070C0">) </span> <references />
(use the "Cite" icon at the top of the page) <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Add each reference into the text above by clicking where you want to insert the reference, selecting the “Cite” icon at the top of the wiki page, and using the “Automatic” tab option to search by PMID to select the reference to insert. If a PMID is not available, such as for a book, please use the “Cite” icon, select “Manual” and then “Basic Form”, and include the entire reference. To insert the same reference again later in the page, select the “Cite” icon and “Re-use” to find the reference; DO NOT insert the same reference twice using the “Automatic” tab as it will be treated as two separate references. The reference list in this section will be automatically generated and sorted''</span><span style="color:#0070C0">''.''</span><span style="color:#0070C0">)</span> <references />


'''
<br />


==Notes==
==Notes==
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Primary authors will typically be those that initially create and complete the content of a page.  If a subsequent user modifies the content and feels the effort put forth is of high enough significance to warrant listing in the authorship section, please contact the CCGA coordinators (contact information provided on the homepage).  Additional global feedback or concerns are also welcome.
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Primary authors will typically be those that initially create and complete the content of a page.  If a subsequent user modifies the content and feels the effort put forth is of high enough significance to warrant listing in the authorship section, please contact the [[Leadership|''<u>Associate Editor</u>'']] or other CCGA representative.  When pages have a major update, the new author will be acknowledged at the beginning of the page, and those who contributed previously will be acknowledged below as a prior author.
 
Prior Author(s): 
 
       
<nowiki>*</nowiki>''Citation of this Page'': “Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, NOS”. Compendium of Cancer Genome Aberrations (CCGA), Cancer Genomics Consortium (CGC), updated {{REVISIONMONTH}}/{{REVISIONDAY}}/{{REVISIONYEAR}}, <nowiki>https://ccga.io/index.php/HAEM5:Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative_neoplasm,_NOS</nowiki>.
<nowiki>*</nowiki>''Citation of this Page'': “Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, NOS”. Compendium of Cancer Genome Aberrations (CCGA), Cancer Genomics Consortium (CGC), updated {{REVISIONMONTH}}/{{REVISIONDAY}}/{{REVISIONYEAR}}, <nowiki>https://ccga.io/index.php/HAEM5:Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative_neoplasm,_NOS</nowiki>.
[[Category:HAEM5]][[Category:DISEASE]][[Category:Diseases M]]
[[Category:HAEM5]]
[[Category:DISEASE]]
[[Category:Diseases M]]
Retrieved from "https://test.ccga.io/index.php/HAEM5:Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative_neoplasm,_NOS"