HAEM5:Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis: Difference between revisions

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[[HAEM5:Table_of_Contents|Haematolymphoid Tumours (WHO Classification, 5th ed.)]]

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|}

~~==WHO Essential and Desirable Genetic Diagnostic Criteria==~~

(''Instructions: The table will have the diagnostic criteria from the WHO book autocompleted; remove any non-genetics related criteria. If applicable, add text about other classification'' ''systems that define this entity and specify how the genetics-related criteria differ.'')

~~{| class="wikitable"~~

|+

|WHO Essential Criteria (Genetics)*

|

|-

|WHO Desirable Criteria (Genetics)*

|

|-

~~|Other Classification~~

|

|}

<nowiki>*</nowiki>Note: These are only the genetic/genomic criteria. Additional diagnostic criteria can be found in the [https://tumourclassification.iarc.who.int/home WHO Classification of Tumours].

==Related Terminology==

~~(''Instructions: The table will have the related terminology from the WHO autocompleted.)''~~

{| class="wikitable"

|+

|Acceptable

|

|N/A

|-

|Not Recommended

|

|N/A

|}

Line 121:

Line 106:

|

|}

==Individual Region Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH==

Put your text here and fill in the table (''Instructions: Includes aberrations not involving gene rearrangements. Details on clinical significance such as prognosis and other important information can be provided in the notes section. Can refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable. Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.'')

Put your text here and fill in the table

{| class="wikitable sortable"

|-

!Chr #!!Gain / Loss / Amp / LOH!!Minimal Region Genomic Coordinates [Genome Build]!!~~Minimal Region Cytoband~~

!Chr #!!Gain, Loss, Amp, LOH!!Minimal Region Cytoband and/or Genomic Coordinates [Genome Build; Size]!!Relevant Gene(s)

!Diagnostic ~~Significance (Yes~~, ~~No or Unknown)~~

!Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T

!Prognostic Significance ~~(Yes~~, ~~No or Unknown)~~

!Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)

!~~Therapeutic~~ Significance (Yes, No ~~or Unknown~~)

!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes

!Notes

|-

|EXAMPLE:

7

|EXAMPLE: Loss

|EXAMPLE:

chr7

chr7~~:1- 159,335,973 [hg38]~~

|EXAMPLE:

Unknown

~~chr7~~

|EXAMPLE: D, P

~~|Yes~~

|EXAMPLE: No

|~~Yes~~

|No

|EXAMPLE:

Presence of monosomy 7 (or 7q deletion) is sufficient for a diagnosis of AML with MDS-related changes when there is ≥20% blasts and no prior therapy (add reference). Monosomy 7/7q deletion is associated with a poor prognosis in AML (add references).

Presence of monosomy 7 (or 7q deletion) is sufficient for a diagnosis of AML with MDS-related changes when there is ≥20% blasts and no prior therapy (add reference). Monosomy 7/7q deletion is associated with a poor prognosis in AML (add ~~reference~~).

|-

|EXAMPLE:

8

|EXAMPLE: Gain

|EXAMPLE:

chr8

~~chr8~~:1-~~145~~,~~138~~,~~636~~ [hg38]

|EXAMPLE:

Unknown

|EXAMPLE: D, P

|

|EXAMPLE:

Common recurrent secondary finding for t(8;21) (add references).

|-

|EXAMPLE:

17

|EXAMPLE: Amp

|EXAMPLE:

17q12; chr17:39,700,064-39,728,658 [hg38; 28.6 kb]

|EXAMPLE:

''ERBB2''

~~chr8~~

|EXAMPLE: D, P, T

~~|No~~

|

|No

|EXAMPLE:

Amplification of ''ERBB2'' is associated with HER2 overexpression in HER2 positive breast cancer (add references). Add criteria for how amplification is defined.

~~Common recurrent secondary finding for t(8;21)~~ (add ~~reference~~).

|-

|

|}

==Characteristic Chromosomal or Other Global Mutational Patterns==

Put your text here and fill in the table (I''nstructions: Included in this category are alterations such as hyperdiploid; gain of odd number chromosomes including typically chromosome 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 17; co-deletion of 1p and 19q; complex karyotypes without characteristic genetic findings; chromothripsis; microsatellite instability; homologous recombination deficiency; mutational signature pattern; etc. Details on clinical significance such as prognosis and other important information can be provided in the notes section. Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.'')

{| class="wikitable sortable"

Line 176:

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!Chromosomal Pattern

!Molecular Pathogenesis

!~~'''~~Prevalence -~~'''~~

!Prevalence -

~~'''~~Common >20%, Recurrent 5-20% or Rare <5% (Disease)~~'''~~

Common >20%, Recurrent 5-20% or Rare <5% (Disease)

!~~'''~~Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T~~'''~~

!Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T

!~~'''~~Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)~~'''~~

!Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)

!~~'''~~Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes~~'''~~

!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes

|-

|EXAMPLE:

Line 206:

Line 195:

|}

==Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)==

Put your text here and fill in the table (''Instructions: This table is not meant to be an exhaustive list; please include only genes/alterations that are recurrent or common as well either disease defining and/or clinically significant. If a gene has multiple mechanisms depending on the type or site of the alteration, add multiple entries in the table. For clinical significance, denote associations with FDA-approved therapy (not an extensive list of applicable drugs) and NCCN or other national guidelines if applicable; Can also refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable as well as any high impact papers or reviews of gene mutations in this entity. Details on clinical significance such as prognosis and other important information such as concomitant and mutually exclusive mutations can be provided in the notes section. Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.'')

Put your text here and fill in the table

{| class="wikitable sortable"

|-

!Gene; Genetic Alteration!!~~'''Presumed Mechanism (~~Tumor Suppressor Gene ~~[TSG] /~~ Oncogene / Other~~)'''~~!!~~'''~~Prevalence (~~COSMIC / TCGA / Other~~)~~'''!!'''Concomitant Mutations'''!!'''Mutually Exclusive Mutations'''~~

!Gene!!Genetic Alteration!!Tumor Suppressor Gene, Oncogene, Other!!Prevalence -

!~~'''~~Diagnostic ~~Significance (Yes~~, ~~No or Unknown)'''~~

Common >20%, Recurrent 5-20% or Rare <5% (Disease)

!Prognostic Significance ~~(Yes~~, ~~No or Unknown)~~

!Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T

!~~Therapeutic~~ Significance (Yes, No ~~or Unknown~~)

!Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)

!Notes

!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes

|-

|EXAMPLE: ~~TP53; Variable LOF mutations~~

|EXAMPLE:''EGFR''

EXAMPLE:

|EXAMPLE: Exon 18-21 activating mutations

~~EGFR;~~ Exon 20 mutations

|EXAMPLE: Oncogene

|EXAMPLE: Common (lung cancer)

EXAMPLE: ~~BRAF; Activating~~ mutations

|EXAMPLE: T

|EXAMPLE: ~~TSG~~

|EXAMPLE: Yes (NCCN)

|EXAMPLE: ~~20%~~ (~~COSMIC~~)

|EXAMPLE: Exons 18, 19, and 21 mutations are targetable for therapy. Exon 20 T790M variants cause resistance to first generation TKI therapy and are targetable by second and third generation TKIs (add references).

|-

EXAMPLE: 30% (add ~~Reference~~)

|EXAMPLE: ''TP53''; Variable LOF mutations

|EXAMPLE: ~~IDH1 R123H~~

|EXAMPLE: ~~EGFR amplification~~

|EXAMPLE: Variable LOF mutations

|EXAMPLE: Tumor Supressor Gene

|EXAMPLE: Common (breast cancer)

|EXAMPLE: P

|

|EXAMPLE: >90% are somatic; rare germline alterations associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (add reference). Denotes a poor prognosis in breast cancer.

|-

|EXAMPLE: ''BRAF''; Activating mutations

|EXAMPLE: Activating mutations

|EXAMPLE: Oncogene

|EXAMPLE: Common (melanoma)

|EXAMPLE: T

|

|-

|

~~|EXAMPLE: Excludes hairy cell leukemia (HCL) (add reference).~~

|}Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in [https://www.cbioportal.org/ cBioportal], [https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic COSMIC], and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.

~~ ~~

|}

Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in ~~cBioportal (~~https://www.cbioportal.org/), ~~COSMIC (~~https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic), ~~ICGC (https://dcc.icgc.org/)~~ and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.

==Epigenomic Alterations==

Put your text here

==Genes and Main Pathways Involved==

Put your text here and fill in the table (''Instructions: Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.)''

Put your text here and fill in the table

{| class="wikitable sortable"

|-

!Gene; Genetic Alteration!!Pathway!!Pathophysiologic Outcome

|-

|EXAMPLE: BRAF and MAP2K1; Activating mutations

|EXAMPLE: ''BRAF'' and ''MAP2K1''; Activating mutations

|EXAMPLE: MAPK signaling

|EXAMPLE: Increased cell growth and proliferation

|-

|EXAMPLE: CDKN2A; Inactivating mutations

|EXAMPLE: ''CDKN2A''; Inactivating mutations

|EXAMPLE: Cell cycle regulation

|EXAMPLE: Unregulated cell division

|-

|EXAMPLE: KMT2C and ARID1A; Inactivating mutations

|EXAMPLE: ''KMT2C'' and ''ARID1A''; Inactivating mutations

|EXAMPLE: ~~Histone~~ modification, chromatin remodeling

|EXAMPLE: Histone modification, chromatin remodeling

|EXAMPLE: ~~Abnormal~~ gene expression program

|EXAMPLE: Abnormal gene expression program

|-

|

|}

==Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods==

Put your text here (''Instructions: Include recommended testing type(s) to identify the clinically significant genetic alterations.'')

==Familial Forms==

Put your text here (''Instructions: Include associated hereditary conditions/syndromes that cause this entity or are caused by this entity.'')

==Additional Information==

Put your text here

==Links==

Put a link here or anywhere appropriate in this page (''Instructions: Highlight the text to which you want to add a link in this section or elsewhere, select the "Link" icon at the top of the wiki page, and search the name of the internal page to which you want to link this text, or enter an external internet address by including the "<nowiki>http://www</nowiki>." portion.'')

==References==

~~<references />~~

(use the "Cite" icon at the top of the page) (''Instructions: Add each reference into the text above by clicking where you want to insert the reference, selecting the “Cite” icon at the top of the wiki page, and using the “Automatic” tab option to search by PMID to select the reference to insert. If a PMID is not available, such as for a book, please use the “Cite” icon, select “Manual” and then “Basic Form”, and include the entire reference. To insert the same reference again later in the page, select the “Cite” icon and “Re-use” to find the reference; DO NOT insert the same reference twice using the “Automatic” tab as it will be treated as two separate references. The reference list in this section will be automatically generated and sorted''''.'')<references />

(use "Cite" icon at top of page)

==Notes==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{DISPLAYTITLE:Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis}}
 [[HAEM5:Table_of_Contents|Haematolymphoid Tumours (WHO Classification, 5th ed.)]]
@@ Line 36: / Line 35: @@
 |}
-==WHO Essential and Desirable Genetic Diagnostic Criteria==
-<span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: The table will have the diagnostic criteria from the WHO book <u>autocompleted</u>; remove any <u>non</u>-genetics related criteria. If applicable, add text about other classification'' ''systems that define this entity and specify how the genetics-related criteria differ.'')</span>
-{| class="wikitable"
-|+
-|WHO Essential Criteria (Genetics)*
-|
-|-
-|WHO Desirable Criteria (Genetics)*
-|
-|-
-|Other Classification
-|
-|}
-<nowiki>*</nowiki>Note: These are only the genetic/genomic criteria. Additional diagnostic criteria can be found in the [https://tumourclassification.iarc.who.int/home <u>WHO Classification of Tumours</u>].
 ==Related Terminology==
-<span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: The table will have the related terminology from the WHO <u>autocompleted</u>.)''</span>
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+
 |Acceptable
-|
+|N/A
 |-
 |Not Recommended
-|
+|N/A
 |}
@@ Line 121: / Line 106: @@
 |
 |}
 ==Individual Region Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH==
+Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Includes aberrations not involving gene rearrangements. Details on clinical significance such as prognosis and other important information can be provided in the notes section. Can refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable. Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.'') </span>
-Put your text here and fill in the table
 {| class="wikitable sortable"
 |-
-!Chr #!!Gain / Loss / Amp / LOH!!Minimal Region Genomic Coordinates [Genome Build]!!Minimal Region Cytoband
+!Chr #!!Gain, Loss, Amp, LOH!!Minimal Region Cytoband and/or Genomic Coordinates [Genome Build; Size]!!Relevant Gene(s)
-!Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
+!Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T
-!Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
+!Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)
-!Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
+!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes
-!Notes
 |-
 |<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 |<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Loss
 |<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
+chr7
-chr7:1- 159,335,973 [hg38]
 |<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
+Unknown
-chr7
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> D, P
-|Yes
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> No
-|Yes
-|No
 |<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
+Presence of monosomy 7 (or 7q deletion) is sufficient for a diagnosis of AML with MDS-related changes when there is ≥20% blasts and no prior therapy (add reference).  Monosomy 7/7q deletion is associated with a poor prognosis in AML (add references).
-Presence of monosomy 7 (or 7q deletion) is sufficient for a diagnosis of AML with MDS-related changes when there is ≥20% blasts and no prior therapy (add reference).  Monosomy 7/7q deletion is associated with a poor prognosis in AML (add reference).
 |-
 |<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 |<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Gain
 |<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
+chr8
-chr8:1-145,138,636 [hg38]
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
+Unknown
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> D, P
+|
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
+Common recurrent secondary finding for t(8;21) (add references).
+|-
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Amp
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
+q12; chr17:39,700,064-39,728,658 [hg38; 28.6 kb]
 |<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
+''ERBB2''
-chr8
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> D, P, T
-|No
+|
-|No
-|No
 |<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
+Amplification of ''ERBB2'' is associated with HER2 overexpression in HER2 positive breast cancer (add references). Add criteria for how amplification is defined.
-Common recurrent secondary finding for t(8;21) (add reference).
+|-
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
 |}
 ==Characteristic Chromosomal or Other Global Mutational Patterns==
 Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(I''nstructions: Included in this category are alterations such as hyperdiploid; gain of odd number chromosomes including typically chromosome 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 17; co-deletion of 1p and 19q; complex karyotypes without characteristic genetic findings; chromothripsis; microsatellite instability; homologous recombination deficiency; mutational signature pattern; etc. Details on clinical significance such as prognosis and other important information can be provided in the notes section. Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.'')</span>
 {| class="wikitable sortable"
@@ Line 176: / Line 165: @@
 !Chromosomal Pattern
 !Molecular Pathogenesis
-!'''Prevalence -'''
+!Prevalence -
-'''Common >20%, Recurrent 5-20% or Rare <5% (Disease)'''
+Common >20%, Recurrent 5-20% or Rare <5% (Disease)
-!'''Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T'''
+!Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T
-!'''Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)'''
+!Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)
-!'''Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes'''
+!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes
 |-
 |<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
@@ Line 206: / Line 195: @@
 |}
 ==Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)==
+Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: This table is not meant to be an exhaustive list; please include only genes/alterations that are recurrent or common as well either disease defining and/or clinically significant. If a gene has multiple mechanisms depending on the type or site of the alteration, add multiple entries in the table. For clinical significance, denote associations with FDA-approved therapy (not an extensive list of applicable drugs) and NCCN or other national guidelines if applicable; Can also refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable as well as any high impact papers or reviews of gene mutations in this entity. Details on clinical significance such as prognosis and other important information such as concomitant and mutually exclusive mutations can be provided in the notes section. Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.'') </span>
-Put your text here and fill in the table
 {| class="wikitable sortable"
 |-
-!Gene; Genetic Alteration!!'''Presumed Mechanism (Tumor Suppressor Gene [TSG] / Oncogene / Other)'''!!'''Prevalence (COSMIC /  TCGA / Other)'''!!'''Concomitant Mutations'''!!'''Mutually Exclusive Mutations'''
+!Gene!!Genetic Alteration!!Tumor Suppressor Gene, Oncogene, Other!!Prevalence -
-!'''Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)'''
+Common >20%, Recurrent 5-20% or Rare <5% (Disease)
-!Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
+!Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T
-!Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
+!Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)
-!Notes
+!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes
 |-
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> TP53; Variable LOF mutations
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>''EGFR''
-<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
+<br />
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Exon 18-21 activating mutations
-EGFR; Exon 20 mutations
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Oncogene
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (lung cancer)
-<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> BRAF; Activating mutations
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> T
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> TSG
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Yes (NCCN)
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 20% (COSMIC)
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Exons 18, 19, and 21 mutations are targetable for therapy. Exon 20 T790M variants cause resistance to first generation TKI therapy and are targetable by second and third generation TKIs (add references).
+|-
-<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 30% (add Reference)
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''TP53''; Variable LOF mutations
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> IDH1 R123H
+<br />
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> EGFR amplification
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Variable LOF mutations
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Tumor Supressor Gene
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (breast cancer)
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> P
+|
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> >90% are somatic; rare germline alterations associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (add reference). Denotes a poor prognosis in breast cancer.
+|-
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''BRAF''; Activating mutations
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Activating mutations
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Oncogene
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (melanoma)
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> T
+|
+|
+|-
+|
+|
+|
+|
 |
 |
 |
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>  Excludes hairy cell leukemia (HCL) (add reference).
+|}Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in [https://www.cbioportal.org/ <u>cBioportal</u>], [https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic <u>COSMIC</u>], and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.
-<br />
-|}
-Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in cBioportal (https://www.cbioportal.org/), COSMIC (https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic), ICGC (https://dcc.icgc.org/) and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.
 ==Epigenomic Alterations==
 Put your text here
 ==Genes and Main Pathways Involved==
+Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.)''</span>
-Put your text here and fill in the table
 {| class="wikitable sortable"
 |-
 !Gene; Genetic Alteration!!Pathway!!Pathophysiologic Outcome
 |-
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> BRAF and MAP2K1; Activating mutations
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''BRAF'' and ''MAP2K1''; Activating mutations
 |<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> MAPK signaling
 |<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Increased cell growth and proliferation
 |-
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> CDKN2A; Inactivating mutations
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''CDKN2A''; Inactivating mutations
 |<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Cell cycle regulation
 |<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Unregulated cell division
 |-
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>  KMT2C and ARID1A; Inactivating mutations
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''KMT2C'' and ''ARID1A''; Inactivating mutations
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>  Histone modification, chromatin remodeling
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Histone modification, chromatin remodeling
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>  Abnormal gene expression program
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Abnormal gene expression program
+|-
+|
+|
+|
 |}
 ==Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods==
 Put your text here <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Include recommended testing type(s) to identify the clinically significant genetic alterations.'')</span>
 ==Familial Forms==
 Put your text here <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Include associated hereditary conditions/syndromes that cause this entity or are caused by this entity.'') </span>
 ==Additional Information==
 Put your text here
 ==Links==
 Put a link here or anywhere appropriate in this page <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Highlight the text to which you want to add a link in this section or elsewhere, select the "Link" icon at the top of the wiki page, and search the name of the internal page to which you want to link this text, or enter an external internet address by including the "<nowiki>http://www</nowiki>." portion.'')</span>
 ==References==
-<references />
+(use the "Cite" icon at the top of the page) <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Add each reference into the text above by clicking where you want to insert the reference, selecting the “Cite” icon at the top of the wiki page, and using the “Automatic” tab option to search by PMID to select the reference to insert. If a PMID is not available, such as for a book, please use the “Cite” icon, select “Manual” and then “Basic Form”, and include the entire reference. To insert the same reference again later in the page, select the “Cite” icon and “Re-use” to find the reference; DO NOT insert the same reference twice using the “Automatic” tab as it will be treated as two separate references. The reference list in this section will be automatically generated and sorted''</span><span style="color:#0070C0">''.''</span><span style="color:#0070C0">)</span><references />
-(use "Cite" icon at top of page)
 ==Notes==