STBT5:Simple bone cyst: Difference between revisions

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Simple bone cyst}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Simple bone cyst}}
[[STBT5:Table_of_Contents|Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours (Who Classification, 5th ed.)]]
[[STBT5:Table_of_Contents|Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours (Who Classification, 5th ed.)]]
{{Under Construction}}
<span style="color:#0070C0">(''General Instructions – The focus of these pages is the clinically significant genetic alterations in each disease type. This is based on up-to-date knowledge from multiple resources such as PubMed and the WHO classification books. The CCGA is meant to be a supplemental resource to the WHO classification books; the CCGA captures in a continually updated wiki-stye manner the current genetics/genomics knowledge of each disease, which evolves more rapidly than books can be revised and published. If the same disease is described in multiple WHO classification books, the genetics-related information for that disease will be consolidated into a single main page that has this template (other pages would only contain a link to this main page). Use [https://www.genenames.org/ <u>HUGO-approved gene names and symbols</u>] (italicized when appropriate), [https://varnomen.hgvs.org/ <u>HGVS-based nomenclature for variants</u>], as well as generic names of drugs and testing platforms or assays if applicable. Please complete tables whenever possible and do not delete them (add N/A if not applicable in the table and delete the examples); to add (or move) a row or column in a table, click nearby within the table and select the > symbol that appears. Please do not delete or alter the section headings. The use of bullet points alongside short blocks of text rather than only large paragraphs is encouraged. Additional instructions below in italicized blue text should not be included in the final page content. Please also see'' </span><u>''[[Author_Instructions]]''</u><span style="color:#0070C0"> ''and [[Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)|<u>FAQs</u>]] as well as contact your [[Leadership|<u>Associate Editor</u>]] or [mailto:CCGA@cancergenomics.org <u>Technical Support</u>].)''</span>
==Primary Author(s)*==
==Primary Author(s)*==
Put your text here<span style="color:#0070C0"> (''<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>'' Jane Smith, PhD) </span>
Kathleen Schieffer, PhD, FACMG
==WHO Classification of Disease==
==WHO Classification of Disease==


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==Gene Rearrangements==
==Gene Rearrangements==
Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Details on clinical significance such as prognosis and other important information can be provided in the notes section. Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.'')</span>
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
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!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes
!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes
|-
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''ABL1''||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''BCR::ABL1''||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> The pathogenic derivative is the der(22) resulting in fusion of 5’ BCR and 3’ABL1.||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> t(9;22)(q34;q11.2)
|''NFATC2''
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (CML)
|''EWSR1, FUS''
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> D, P, T
|In-frame fusion that retains the N-terminal domain of EWSR1 or FUS and the DNA-binding domain of the transcription factor, NFATC2. It is predicted that the truncated NFATC2 protein, which has lost the regulatory domain as a result of the fusion, leads to constitutive activation of this transcription factor and downstream signaling.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Pižem|first=Jože|last2=Šekoranja|first2=Daja|last3=Zupan|first3=Andrej|last4=Boštjančič|first4=Emanuela|last5=Matjašič|first5=Alenka|last6=Mavčič|first6=Blaž|last7=Contreras|first7=Juan A.|last8=Gazič|first8=Barbara|last9=Martinčič|first9=David|date=2020-12|title=FUS-NFATC2 or EWSR1-NFATC2 Fusions Are Present in a Large Proportion of Simple Bone Cysts|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32991339|journal=The American Journal of Surgical Pathology|volume=44|issue=12|pages=1623–1634|doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000001584|issn=1532-0979|pmid=32991339}}</ref> The breakpoints typically involve exon 6 of ''EWSR1'' (NM_005243.4) or exon 6 of ''FUS'' (NM_004960.4) and exon 3 of ''NFATC2'' (NM_012340.5).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Hung|first=Yin P.|last2=Fisch|first2=Adam S.|last3=Diaz-Perez|first3=Julio A.|last4=Iafrate|first4=A. John|last5=Lennerz|first5=Jochen K.|last6=Nardi|first6=Valentina|last7=Bredella|first7=Miriam A.|last8=Raskin|first8=Kevin A.|last9=Lozano-Calderon|first9=Santiago A.|date=2021-05|title=Identification of EWSR1-NFATC2 fusion in simple bone cysts|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33316098|journal=Histopathology|volume=78|issue=6|pages=849–856|doi=10.1111/his.14314|issn=1365-2559|pmid=33316098}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Pižem|first=Jože|last2=Šekoranja|first2=Daja|last3=Matjašič|first3=Alenka|last4=Zupan|first4=Andrej|last5=Boštjančič|first5=Emanuela|last6=Limpel Novak|first6=Katarina A.|last7=Salapura|first7=Vladka|last8=Mavčič|first8=Blaž|last9=Gazič|first9=Barbara|date=2021-10|title=The role of molecular diagnostics in aneurysmal and simple bone cysts - a prospective analysis of 19 lesions|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34089379|journal=Virchows Archiv: An International Journal of Pathology|volume=479|issue=4|pages=795–802|doi=10.1007/s00428-021-03130-5|issn=1432-2307|pmid=34089379}}</ref>
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Yes (WHO, NCCN)
|t(16;20)(p11.2;q13) [''FUS::NFATC2'']
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
|Recurrent*
The t(9;22) is diagnostic of CML in the appropriate morphology and clinical context (add reference). This fusion is responsive to targeted therapy such as Imatinib (Gleevec) (add reference). BCR::ABL1 is generally favorable in CML (add reference).
|D
|-
|No
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''CIC''
|Early cytogenetic analysis identified a t(16;20)(p11.2;q13) in a single simple bone cyst specimen.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Richkind|first=Kathleen E.|last2=Mortimer|first2=Errol|last3=Mowery-Rushton|first3=Patricia|last4=Fraire|first4=Armando|date=2002-09|title=Translocation (16;20)(p11.2;q13). sole cytogenetic abnormality in a unicameral bone cyst|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12393289|journal=Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics|volume=137|issue=2|pages=153–155|doi=10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00563-0|issn=0165-4608|pmid=12393289}}</ref> Molecular studies identified a recurrent fusion between either ''EWSR1'' or ''FUS'' and ''NFATC2''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''CIC::DUX4''
|}
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Typically, the last exon of ''CIC'' is fused to ''DUX4''. The fusion breakpoint in ''CIC'' is usually intra-exonic and removes an inhibitory sequence, upregulating ''PEA3'' genes downstream of ''CIC'' including ''ETV1'', ''ETV4'', and ''ETV5''.
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Please note that limited studies have been performed from simple bone cysts and the prevalence requires additional study.
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> t(4;19)(q25;q13)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (CIC-rearranged sarcoma)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> D
|
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>


''DUX4'' has many homologous genes; an alternate translocation in a minority of cases is t(10;19), but this is usually indistinguishable from t(4;19) by short-read sequencing (add references).
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''ALK''
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''ELM4::ALK''
Other fusion partners include ''KIF5B, NPM1, STRN, TFG, TPM3, CLTC, KLC1''
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Fusions result in constitutive activation of the ''ALK'' tyrosine kinase. The most common ''ALK'' fusion is ''EML4::ALK'', with breakpoints in intron 19 of ''ALK''. At the transcript level, a variable (5’) partner gene is fused to 3’ ''ALK'' at exon 20. Rarely, ''ALK'' fusions contain exon 19 due to breakpoints in intron 18.
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> N/A
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Rare (Lung adenocarcinoma)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> T
|
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
Both balanced and unbalanced forms are observed by FISH (add references).
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''ABL1''
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> N/A
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Intragenic deletion of exons 2–7 in ''EGFR'' removes the ligand-binding domain, resulting in a constitutively active tyrosine kinase with downstream activation of multiple oncogenic pathways.
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> N/A
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Recurrent (IDH-wildtype Glioblastoma)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> D, P, T
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
==Individual Region Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH==
==Individual Region Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH==
Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Includes aberrations not involving gene rearrangements. Details on clinical significance such as prognosis and other important information can be provided in the notes section. Can refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable. Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.'') </span>
No recurrent copy number findings are described. A single report of cytogenetic complexity have been described.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vayego|first=S. A.|last2=De Conti|first2=O. J.|last3=Varella-Garcia|first3=M.|date=1996-01|title=Complex cytogenetic rearrangement in a case of unicameral bone cyst|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8616785|journal=Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics|volume=86|issue=1|pages=46–49|doi=10.1016/0165-4608(95)00156-5|issn=0165-4608|pmid=8616785}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
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!Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)
!Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)
!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes
!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
7
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Loss
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
chr7
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
Unknown
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> D, P
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> No
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
Presence of monosomy 7 (or 7q deletion) is sufficient for a diagnosis of AML with MDS-related changes when there is ≥20% blasts and no prior therapy (add reference).  Monosomy 7/7q deletion is associated with a poor prognosis in AML (add references).
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
8
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Gain
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
chr8
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
Unknown
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> D, P
|
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
Common recurrent secondary finding for t(8;21) (add references).
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
17
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Amp
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
17q12; chr17:39,700,064-39,728,658 [hg38; 28.6 kb]
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
''ERBB2''
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> D, P, T
|
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
Amplification of ''ERBB2'' is associated with HER2 overexpression in HER2 positive breast cancer (add references). Add criteria for how amplification is defined.
|-
|-
|
|
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|}
|}
==Characteristic Chromosomal or Other Global Mutational Patterns==
==Characteristic Chromosomal or Other Global Mutational Patterns==
Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(I''nstructions: Included in this category are alterations such as hyperdiploid; gain of odd number chromosomes including typically chromosome 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 17; co-deletion of 1p and 19q; complex karyotypes without characteristic genetic findings; chromothripsis; microsatellite instability; homologous recombination deficiency; mutational signature pattern; etc. Details on clinical significance such as prognosis and other important information can be provided in the notes section. Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.'')</span>
None
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
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!Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)
!Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)
!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes
!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
Co-deletion of 1p and 18q
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> See chromosomal rearrangements table as this pattern is due to an unbalanced derivative translocation associated with oligodendroglioma (add reference).
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (Oligodendroglioma)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> D, P
|
|
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
Microsatellite instability - hypermutated
|
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (Endometrial carcinoma)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> P, T
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
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|}
|}
==Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)==
==Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)==
Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: This table is not meant to be an exhaustive list; please include only genes/alterations that are recurrent or common as well either disease defining and/or clinically significant. If a gene has multiple mechanisms depending on the type or site of the alteration, add multiple entries in the table. For clinical significance, denote associations with FDA-approved therapy (not an extensive list of applicable drugs) and NCCN or other national guidelines if applicable; Can also refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable as well as any high impact papers or reviews of gene mutations in this entity. Details on clinical significance such as prognosis and other important information such as concomitant and mutually exclusive mutations can be provided in the notes section. Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.'') </span>
None
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
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!Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)
!Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source)
!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes
!Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>''EGFR''
<br />
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Exon 18-21 activating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Oncogene
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (lung cancer)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> T
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Yes (NCCN)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Exons 18, 19, and 21 mutations are targetable for therapy. Exon 20 T790M variants cause resistance to first generation TKI therapy and are targetable by second and third generation TKIs (add references).
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''TP53''; Variable LOF mutations
<br />
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Variable LOF mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Tumor Supressor Gene
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (breast cancer)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> P
|
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> >90% are somatic; rare germline alterations associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (add reference). Denotes a poor prognosis in breast cancer.
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''BRAF''; Activating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Activating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Oncogene
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Common (melanoma)
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> T
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
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|}Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in [https://www.cbioportal.org/ <u>cBioportal</u>], [https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic <u>COSMIC</u>], and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.
|}Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in [https://www.cbioportal.org/ <u>cBioportal</u>], [https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic <u>COSMIC</u>], and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.
==Epigenomic Alterations==
==Epigenomic Alterations==
Put your text here
None
==Genes and Main Pathways Involved==
==Genes and Main Pathways Involved==
Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Please include references throughout the table. Do not delete the table.)''</span>
None
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
!Gene; Genetic Alteration!!Pathway!!Pathophysiologic Outcome
!Gene; Genetic Alteration!!Pathway!!Pathophysiologic Outcome
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''BRAF'' and ''MAP2K1''; Activating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> MAPK signaling
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Increased cell growth and proliferation
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''CDKN2A''; Inactivating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Cell cycle regulation
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Unregulated cell division
|-
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''KMT2C'' and ''ARID1A''; Inactivating mutations
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Histone modification, chromatin remodeling
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Abnormal gene expression program
|-
|-
|
|
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|}
|}
==Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods==
==Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods==
Put your text here <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Include recommended testing type(s) to identify the clinically significant genetic alterations.'')</span>
 
#'''Fusion testing'''
#*Targeted sequencing (such as RT-PCR or targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels)
#**For targeted NGS panels, consider if the assay requires both gene partners to be included on the panel or if it is able to identify novel fusions as long as one of the partners is included on the panel
#*Whole transcriptome RNA-sequencing
#**Provides an unbiased approach to fusion calling
 
==Familial Forms==
==Familial Forms==
Put your text here <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Include associated hereditary conditions/syndromes that cause this entity or are caused by this entity.'') </span>
Not applicable
==Additional Information==
==Additional Information==
Put your text here
Not applicable
==Links==
==Links==
Put a link here or anywhere appropriate in this page <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Highlight the text to which you want to add a link in this section or elsewhere, select the "Link" icon at the top of the wiki page, and search the name of the internal page to which you want to link this text, or enter an external internet address by including the "<nowiki>http://www</nowiki>." portion.'')</span>
None
==References==
==References==
(use the "Cite" icon at the top of the page) <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Add each reference into the text above by clicking where you want to insert the reference, selecting the “Cite” icon at the top of the wiki page, and using the “Automatic” tab option to search by PMID to select the reference to insert. If a PMID is not available, such as for a book, please use the “Cite” icon, select “Manual” and then “Basic Form”, and include the entire reference. To insert the same reference again later in the page, select the “Cite” icon and “Re-use” to find the reference; DO NOT insert the same reference twice using the “Automatic” tab as it will be treated as two separate references. The reference list in this section will be automatically generated and sorted''</span><span style="color:#0070C0">''.''</span><span style="color:#0070C0">)</span>
[[Category:STBT5]]
[[Category:DISEASE]]
[[Category:Diseases S]]
<references />
==Notes==
==Notes==
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Primary authors will typically be those that initially create and complete the content of a page.  If a subsequent user modifies the content and feels the effort put forth is of high enough significance to warrant listing in the authorship section, please contact the [[Leadership|''<u>Associate Editor</u>'']] or other CCGA representative.  When pages have a major update, the new author will be acknowledged at the beginning of the page, and those who contributed previously will be acknowledged below as a prior author.  
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Primary authors will typically be those that initially create and complete the content of a page.  If a subsequent user modifies the content and feels the effort put forth is of high enough significance to warrant listing in the authorship section, please contact the [[Leadership|''<u>Associate Editor</u>'']] or other CCGA representative.  When pages have a major update, the new author will be acknowledged at the beginning of the page, and those who contributed previously will be acknowledged below as a prior author.  
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Prior Author(s):
Prior Author(s):
<nowiki>*</nowiki>''Citation of this Page'': “Simple bone cyst”. Compendium of Cancer Genome Aberrations (CCGA), Cancer Genomics Consortium (CGC), updated {{REVISIONMONTH}}/{{REVISIONDAY}}/{{REVISIONYEAR}}, <nowiki>https://ccga.io/index.php/STBT5:Simple bone cyst</nowiki>.
<nowiki>*</nowiki>''Citation of this Page'': “Simple bone cyst”. Compendium of Cancer Genome Aberrations (CCGA), Cancer Genomics Consortium (CGC), updated {{REVISIONMONTH}}/{{REVISIONDAY}}/{{REVISIONYEAR}}, <nowiki>https://ccga.io/index.php/STBT5:Simple bone cyst</nowiki>.
[[Category:STBT5]][[Category:DISEASE]][[Category:Diseases S]]

Latest revision as of 11:21, 22 October 2025


Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours (Who Classification, 5th ed.)

Primary Author(s)*

Kathleen Schieffer, PhD, FACMG

WHO Classification of Disease

Structure Disease
Book Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours (5th ed.)
Category Bone tumours
Family Other mesenchymal tumours of bone
Type Simple bone cyst
Subtype(s) N/A

Related Terminology

Acceptable Solitary bone cyst
Not Recommended Unicameral bone cyst

Gene Rearrangements


Driver Gene Fusion(s) and Common Partner Genes Molecular Pathogenesis Typical Chromosomal Alteration(s) Prevalence -Common >20%, Recurrent 5-20% or Rare <5% (Disease) Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source) Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes
NFATC2 EWSR1, FUS In-frame fusion that retains the N-terminal domain of EWSR1 or FUS and the DNA-binding domain of the transcription factor, NFATC2. It is predicted that the truncated NFATC2 protein, which has lost the regulatory domain as a result of the fusion, leads to constitutive activation of this transcription factor and downstream signaling.[1] The breakpoints typically involve exon 6 of EWSR1 (NM_005243.4) or exon 6 of FUS (NM_004960.4) and exon 3 of NFATC2 (NM_012340.5).[1][2][3] t(16;20)(p11.2;q13) [FUS::NFATC2] Recurrent* D No Early cytogenetic analysis identified a t(16;20)(p11.2;q13) in a single simple bone cyst specimen.[4] Molecular studies identified a recurrent fusion between either EWSR1 or FUS and NFATC2.[1][2][3]

*Please note that limited studies have been performed from simple bone cysts and the prevalence requires additional study.

Individual Region Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH

No recurrent copy number findings are described. A single report of cytogenetic complexity have been described.[5]

Chr # Gain, Loss, Amp, LOH Minimal Region Cytoband and/or Genomic Coordinates [Genome Build; Size] Relevant Gene(s) Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source) Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes

Characteristic Chromosomal or Other Global Mutational Patterns

None

Chromosomal Pattern Molecular Pathogenesis Prevalence -

Common >20%, Recurrent 5-20% or Rare <5% (Disease)

Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source) Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes

Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)

None

Gene Genetic Alteration Tumor Suppressor Gene, Oncogene, Other Prevalence -

Common >20%, Recurrent 5-20% or Rare <5% (Disease)

Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance - D, P, T   Established Clinical Significance Per Guidelines - Yes or No (Source) Clinical Relevance Details/Other Notes

Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in cBioportal, COSMIC, and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.

Epigenomic Alterations

None

Genes and Main Pathways Involved

None

Gene; Genetic Alteration Pathway Pathophysiologic Outcome

Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods

  1. Fusion testing
    • Targeted sequencing (such as RT-PCR or targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels)
      • For targeted NGS panels, consider if the assay requires both gene partners to be included on the panel or if it is able to identify novel fusions as long as one of the partners is included on the panel
    • Whole transcriptome RNA-sequencing
      • Provides an unbiased approach to fusion calling

Familial Forms

Not applicable

Additional Information

Not applicable

Links

None

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Pižem, Jože; et al. (2020-12). "FUS-NFATC2 or EWSR1-NFATC2 Fusions Are Present in a Large Proportion of Simple Bone Cysts". The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 44 (12): 1623–1634. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000001584. ISSN 1532-0979. PMID 32991339 Check |pmid= value (help). Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hung, Yin P.; et al. (2021-05). "Identification of EWSR1-NFATC2 fusion in simple bone cysts". Histopathology. 78 (6): 849–856. doi:10.1111/his.14314. ISSN 1365-2559. PMID 33316098 Check |pmid= value (help). Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Pižem, Jože; et al. (2021-10). "The role of molecular diagnostics in aneurysmal and simple bone cysts - a prospective analysis of 19 lesions". Virchows Archiv: An International Journal of Pathology. 479 (4): 795–802. doi:10.1007/s00428-021-03130-5. ISSN 1432-2307. PMID 34089379 Check |pmid= value (help). Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ↑ Richkind, Kathleen E.; et al. (2002-09). "Translocation (16;20)(p11.2;q13). sole cytogenetic abnormality in a unicameral bone cyst". Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 137 (2): 153–155. doi:10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00563-0. ISSN 0165-4608. PMID 12393289. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ↑ Vayego, S. A.; et al. (1996-01). "Complex cytogenetic rearrangement in a case of unicameral bone cyst". Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 86 (1): 46–49. doi:10.1016/0165-4608(95)00156-5. ISSN 0165-4608. PMID 8616785. Check date values in: |date= (help)

Notes

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Prior Author(s): *Citation of this Page: “Simple bone cyst”. Compendium of Cancer Genome Aberrations (CCGA), Cancer Genomics Consortium (CGC), updated 10/22/2025, https://ccga.io/index.php/STBT5:Simple bone cyst.

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