HAEM5:ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma: Difference between revisions
| [unchecked revision] | [unchecked revision] |
| Line 412: | Line 412: | ||
|11q | |11q | ||
|Loss | |Loss | ||
|11q14-q23 | |11q14-q23 | ||
| | | | ||
|No | |No | ||
| Line 625: | Line 625: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ALK; fusion protein derivatives | |ALK; fusion protein derivatives | ||
|Ras-ERK | |Ras-ERK<ref name=":30" /> | ||
|Increased cell growth and proliferation | |Increased cell growth and proliferation | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ALK; fusion protein derivatives | |ALK; fusion protein derivatives | ||
|JAK/STAT3 | |JAK/STAT3<ref name=":30" /> | ||
|Cell survival and phenotypic changes | |Cell survival and phenotypic changes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ALK; fusion protein derivatives | |ALK; fusion protein derivatives | ||
|PI3K/AKT/mTOR | |PI3K/AKT/mTOR<ref name=":30" /> | ||
|Cell survival and phenotypic changes | |Cell survival and phenotypic changes | ||
|} | |} | ||
<blockquote class="blockedit"> | |||
*ALK-NPM-STAT3 induces: | |||
**See Epigenomics section above | |||
**TGF beta, IL-10, PD-L1/CD274 to create immunosuppressive microenvironment and evasion of immune system<ref name=":31" /><ref name=":32" /><ref name=":33" /> | |||
**ICOS expression (CD28 costimulatory receptor superfamily) | |||
**HIF1α expression induces expression of VEGF (tumor angiogenesis); allows lymphoma cells to adapt to hypoxic conditions<ref name=":34" /> | |||
*Expression of embryonic genes (SOX2, SALL4) promoting stem cell-like program | |||
*Deregulation of microRNAs (miR-155, miR-101, miR-17-92 cluster, miR-26a, miR-16)<ref name=":35" /><ref name=":36" /><ref name=":37" /><ref name=":38" /><ref name=":39" /> | |||
</blockquote> | |||
<blockquote class="blockedit">{{Box-round|title=v4:Genes and Main Pathways Involved|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}} | <blockquote class="blockedit">{{Box-round|title=v4:Genes and Main Pathways Involved|The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.}} | ||
* | * | ||
*Activation of the ALK catalytic domain leads to the oncogenic properties of the ALK protein, leading to activation of multiple signaling cascades including<ref>{{Cite journal|last=M|first=Boi|last2=E|first2=Zucca|last3=G|first3=Inghirami|last4=F|first4=Bertoni|date=2015|title=Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of systemic anaplastic large cell lymphomas|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25559471/|language=en|pmid=25559471}}</ref>: | *Activation of the ALK catalytic domain leads to the oncogenic properties of the ALK protein, leading to activation of multiple signaling cascades including<ref name=":30">{{Cite journal|last=M|first=Boi|last2=E|first2=Zucca|last3=G|first3=Inghirami|last4=F|first4=Bertoni|date=2015|title=Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of systemic anaplastic large cell lymphomas|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25559471/|language=en|pmid=25559471}}</ref>: | ||
**RAS-ERK | **RAS-ERK | ||
**JAK/STAT | **JAK/STAT | ||
| Line 649: | Line 660: | ||
*ALK-NPM-STAT3 induces: | *ALK-NPM-STAT3 induces: | ||
**See Epigenomics section above | **See Epigenomics section above | ||
**TGF beta, IL-10, PD-L1/CD274 to create immunosuppressive microenvironment and evasion of immune system<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Marzec|first=Michal|last2=Zhang|first2=Qian|last3=Goradia|first3=Ami|last4=Raghunath|first4=Puthiyaveettil N.|last5=Liu|first5=Xiaobin|last6=Paessler|first6=Michele|last7=Wang|first7=Hong Yi|last8=Wysocka|first8=Maria|last9=Cheng|first9=Mangeng|date=2008-12-30|title=Oncogenic kinase NPM/ALK induces through STAT3 expression of immunosuppressive protein CD274 (PD-L1, B7-H1)|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19088198|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=105|issue=52|pages=20852–20857|doi=10.1073/pnas.0810958105|issn=1091-6490|pmc=2634900|pmid=19088198}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kasprzycka|first=Monika|last2=Zhang|first2=Qian|last3=Witkiewicz|first3=Agnieszka|last4=Marzec|first4=Michal|last5=Potoczek|first5=Magdalena|last6=Liu|first6=Xiaobin|last7=Wang|first7=Hong Yi|last8=Milone|first8=Michael|last9=Basu|first9=Samik|date=2008-08-15|title=Gamma c-signaling cytokines induce a regulatory T cell phenotype in malignant CD4+ T lymphocytes|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18684941|journal=Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950)|volume=181|issue=4|pages=2506–2512|doi=10.4049/jimmunol.181.4.2506|issn=1550-6606|pmc=2586884|pmid=18684941}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yamamoto|first=Ryo|last2=Nishikori|first2=Momoko|last3=Tashima|first3=Masaharu|last4=Sakai|first4=Tomomi|last5=Ichinohe|first5=Tatsuo|last6=Takaori-Kondo|first6=Akifumi|last7=Ohmori|first7=Katsuyuki|last8=Uchiyama|first8=Takashi|date=2009-11|title=B7-H1 expression is regulated by MEK/ERK signaling pathway in anaplastic large cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19703193|journal=Cancer Science|volume=100|issue=11|pages=2093–2100|doi=10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01302.x|issn=1349-7006|pmid=19703193}}</ref> | **TGF beta, IL-10, PD-L1/CD274 to create immunosuppressive microenvironment and evasion of immune system<ref name=":31">{{Cite journal|last=Marzec|first=Michal|last2=Zhang|first2=Qian|last3=Goradia|first3=Ami|last4=Raghunath|first4=Puthiyaveettil N.|last5=Liu|first5=Xiaobin|last6=Paessler|first6=Michele|last7=Wang|first7=Hong Yi|last8=Wysocka|first8=Maria|last9=Cheng|first9=Mangeng|date=2008-12-30|title=Oncogenic kinase NPM/ALK induces through STAT3 expression of immunosuppressive protein CD274 (PD-L1, B7-H1)|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19088198|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=105|issue=52|pages=20852–20857|doi=10.1073/pnas.0810958105|issn=1091-6490|pmc=2634900|pmid=19088198}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite journal|last=Kasprzycka|first=Monika|last2=Zhang|first2=Qian|last3=Witkiewicz|first3=Agnieszka|last4=Marzec|first4=Michal|last5=Potoczek|first5=Magdalena|last6=Liu|first6=Xiaobin|last7=Wang|first7=Hong Yi|last8=Milone|first8=Michael|last9=Basu|first9=Samik|date=2008-08-15|title=Gamma c-signaling cytokines induce a regulatory T cell phenotype in malignant CD4+ T lymphocytes|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18684941|journal=Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950)|volume=181|issue=4|pages=2506–2512|doi=10.4049/jimmunol.181.4.2506|issn=1550-6606|pmc=2586884|pmid=18684941}}</ref><ref name=":33">{{Cite journal|last=Yamamoto|first=Ryo|last2=Nishikori|first2=Momoko|last3=Tashima|first3=Masaharu|last4=Sakai|first4=Tomomi|last5=Ichinohe|first5=Tatsuo|last6=Takaori-Kondo|first6=Akifumi|last7=Ohmori|first7=Katsuyuki|last8=Uchiyama|first8=Takashi|date=2009-11|title=B7-H1 expression is regulated by MEK/ERK signaling pathway in anaplastic large cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19703193|journal=Cancer Science|volume=100|issue=11|pages=2093–2100|doi=10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01302.x|issn=1349-7006|pmid=19703193}}</ref> | ||
**ICOS expression (CD28 costimulatory receptor superfamily) | **ICOS expression (CD28 costimulatory receptor superfamily) | ||
**HIF1α expression induces expression of VEGF (tumor angiogenesis); allows lymphoma cells to adapt to hypoxic conditions<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Martinengo|first=Cinzia|last2=Poggio|first2=Teresa|last3=Menotti|first3=Matteo|last4=Scalzo|first4=Maria Stella|last5=Mastini|first5=Cristina|last6=Ambrogio|first6=Chiara|last7=Pellegrino|first7=Elisa|last8=Riera|first8=Ludovica|last9=Piva|first9=Roberto|date=2014-11-01|title=ALK-dependent control of hypoxia-inducible factors mediates tumor growth and metastasis|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25193384|journal=Cancer Research|volume=74|issue=21|pages=6094–6106|doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-0268|issn=1538-7445|pmid=25193384}}</ref> | **HIF1α expression induces expression of VEGF (tumor angiogenesis); allows lymphoma cells to adapt to hypoxic conditions<ref name=":34">{{Cite journal|last=Martinengo|first=Cinzia|last2=Poggio|first2=Teresa|last3=Menotti|first3=Matteo|last4=Scalzo|first4=Maria Stella|last5=Mastini|first5=Cristina|last6=Ambrogio|first6=Chiara|last7=Pellegrino|first7=Elisa|last8=Riera|first8=Ludovica|last9=Piva|first9=Roberto|date=2014-11-01|title=ALK-dependent control of hypoxia-inducible factors mediates tumor growth and metastasis|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25193384|journal=Cancer Research|volume=74|issue=21|pages=6094–6106|doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-0268|issn=1538-7445|pmid=25193384}}</ref> | ||
*Expression of embryonic genes (SOX2, SALL4) promoting stem cell-like program | *Expression of embryonic genes (SOX2, SALL4) promoting stem cell-like program | ||
*Deregulation of microRNAs (miR-155, miR-101, miR-17-92 cluster, miR-26a, miR-16)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rodriguez|first=Antony|last2=Vigorito|first2=Elena|last3=Clare|first3=Simon|last4=Warren|first4=Madhuri V.|last5=Couttet|first5=Philippe|last6=Soond|first6=Dalya R.|last7=van Dongen|first7=Stijn|last8=Grocock|first8=Russell J.|last9=Das|first9=Partha P.|date=2007-04-27|title=Requirement of bic/microRNA-155 for normal immune function|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17463290|journal=Science (New York, N.Y.)|volume=316|issue=5824|pages=608–611|doi=10.1126/science.1139253|issn=1095-9203|pmc=2610435|pmid=17463290}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Merkel|first=Olaf|last2=Hamacher|first2=Frank|last3=Laimer|first3=Daniela|last4=Sifft|first4=Eveline|last5=Trajanoski|first5=Zlatko|last6=Scheideler|first6=Marcel|last7=Egger|first7=Gerda|last8=Hassler|first8=Melanie R.|last9=Thallinger|first9=Christiane|date=2010-09-14|title=Identification of differential and functionally active miRNAs in both anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)+ and ALK- anaplastic large-cell lymphoma|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20805506|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=107|issue=37|pages=16228–16233|doi=10.1073/pnas.1009719107|issn=1091-6490|pmc=2941277|pmid=20805506}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Spaccarotella|first=Elisa|last2=Pellegrino|first2=Elisa|last3=Ferracin|first3=Manuela|last4=Ferreri|first4=Cristina|last5=Cuccuru|first5=Giuditta|last6=Liu|first6=Cuiling|last7=Iqbal|first7=Javeed|last8=Cantarella|first8=Daniela|last9=Taulli|first9=Riccardo|date=2014-01|title=STAT3-mediated activation of microRNA cluster 17~92 promotes proliferation and survival of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23975180|journal=Haematologica|volume=99|issue=1|pages=116–124|doi=10.3324/haematol.2013.088286|issn=1592-8721|pmc=4007939|pmid=23975180}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zhu|first=Haifeng|last2=Vishwamitra|first2=Deeksha|last3=Curry|first3=Choladda V.|last4=Manshouri|first4=Roxsan|last5=Diao|first5=Lixia|last6=Khan|first6=Aarish|last7=Amin|first7=Hesham M.|date=2013-05|title=NPM-ALK up-regulates iNOS expression through a STAT3/microRNA-26a-dependent mechanism|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23338972|journal=The Journal of Pathology|volume=230|issue=1|pages=82–94|doi=10.1002/path.4171|issn=1096-9896|pmc=3940725|pmid=23338972}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dejean|first=E.|last2=Renalier|first2=M. H.|last3=Foisseau|first3=M.|last4=Agirre|first4=X.|last5=Joseph|first5=N.|last6=de Paiva|first6=G. R.|last7=Al Saati|first7=T.|last8=Soulier|first8=J.|last9=Desjobert|first9=C.|date=2011-12|title=Hypoxia-microRNA-16 downregulation induces VEGF expression in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphomas|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21778999|journal=Leukemia|volume=25|issue=12|pages=1882–1890|doi=10.1038/leu.2011.168|issn=1476-5551|pmid=21778999}}</ref> | *Deregulation of microRNAs (miR-155, miR-101, miR-17-92 cluster, miR-26a, miR-16)<ref name=":35">{{Cite journal|last=Rodriguez|first=Antony|last2=Vigorito|first2=Elena|last3=Clare|first3=Simon|last4=Warren|first4=Madhuri V.|last5=Couttet|first5=Philippe|last6=Soond|first6=Dalya R.|last7=van Dongen|first7=Stijn|last8=Grocock|first8=Russell J.|last9=Das|first9=Partha P.|date=2007-04-27|title=Requirement of bic/microRNA-155 for normal immune function|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17463290|journal=Science (New York, N.Y.)|volume=316|issue=5824|pages=608–611|doi=10.1126/science.1139253|issn=1095-9203|pmc=2610435|pmid=17463290}}</ref><ref name=":36">{{Cite journal|last=Merkel|first=Olaf|last2=Hamacher|first2=Frank|last3=Laimer|first3=Daniela|last4=Sifft|first4=Eveline|last5=Trajanoski|first5=Zlatko|last6=Scheideler|first6=Marcel|last7=Egger|first7=Gerda|last8=Hassler|first8=Melanie R.|last9=Thallinger|first9=Christiane|date=2010-09-14|title=Identification of differential and functionally active miRNAs in both anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)+ and ALK- anaplastic large-cell lymphoma|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20805506|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=107|issue=37|pages=16228–16233|doi=10.1073/pnas.1009719107|issn=1091-6490|pmc=2941277|pmid=20805506}}</ref><ref name=":37">{{Cite journal|last=Spaccarotella|first=Elisa|last2=Pellegrino|first2=Elisa|last3=Ferracin|first3=Manuela|last4=Ferreri|first4=Cristina|last5=Cuccuru|first5=Giuditta|last6=Liu|first6=Cuiling|last7=Iqbal|first7=Javeed|last8=Cantarella|first8=Daniela|last9=Taulli|first9=Riccardo|date=2014-01|title=STAT3-mediated activation of microRNA cluster 17~92 promotes proliferation and survival of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23975180|journal=Haematologica|volume=99|issue=1|pages=116–124|doi=10.3324/haematol.2013.088286|issn=1592-8721|pmc=4007939|pmid=23975180}}</ref><ref name=":38">{{Cite journal|last=Zhu|first=Haifeng|last2=Vishwamitra|first2=Deeksha|last3=Curry|first3=Choladda V.|last4=Manshouri|first4=Roxsan|last5=Diao|first5=Lixia|last6=Khan|first6=Aarish|last7=Amin|first7=Hesham M.|date=2013-05|title=NPM-ALK up-regulates iNOS expression through a STAT3/microRNA-26a-dependent mechanism|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23338972|journal=The Journal of Pathology|volume=230|issue=1|pages=82–94|doi=10.1002/path.4171|issn=1096-9896|pmc=3940725|pmid=23338972}}</ref><ref name=":39">{{Cite journal|last=Dejean|first=E.|last2=Renalier|first2=M. H.|last3=Foisseau|first3=M.|last4=Agirre|first4=X.|last5=Joseph|first5=N.|last6=de Paiva|first6=G. R.|last7=Al Saati|first7=T.|last8=Soulier|first8=J.|last9=Desjobert|first9=C.|date=2011-12|title=Hypoxia-microRNA-16 downregulation induces VEGF expression in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphomas|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21778999|journal=Leukemia|volume=25|issue=12|pages=1882–1890|doi=10.1038/leu.2011.168|issn=1476-5551|pmid=21778999}}</ref> | ||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||