HAEM5:Acute undifferentiated leukaemia: Difference between revisions

In one study of 16 cases of adults with AUL, the median age was 63 years (range: 24-84 years) and patients could achieve clinical remission after allogeneic stem cell transplantation<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|displayauthors=1|last=Heesch|first=Sandra|last2=Neumann|first2=Martin|last3=Schwartz|first3=Stefan|last4=Bartram|first4=Isabelle|last5=Schlee|first5=Cornelia|last6=Burmeister|first6=Thomas|last7=Hänel|first7=Matthias|last8=Ganser|first8=Arnold|last9=Heuser|first9=Michael|date=2013|title=Acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage in adults: molecular and clinical characterization|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23412561|journal=Annals of Hematology|volume=92|issue=6|pages=747–758|doi=10.1007/s00277-013-1694-4|issn=1432-0584|pmid=23412561|via=}}</ref>. In previous studies that weakly suggest ALL induction regimens over AML induction regimens, there may be selection bias in the patients who were well enough to be transplant candidates<ref>{{Cite journal|displayauthors=1|last=Weinberg|first=Olga K.|last2=Hasserjian|first2=Robert P.|last3=Baraban|first3=Ezra|last4=Ok|first4=Chi Young|last5=Geyer|first5=Julia T.|last6=Philip|first6=John K. S. S.|last7=Kurzer|first7=Jason H.|last8=Rogers|first8=Heesun J.|last9=Nardi|first9=Valentina|date=2019|title=Clinical, immunophenotypic, and genomic findings of acute undifferentiated leukemia and comparison to acute myeloid leukemia with minimal differentiation: a study from the bone marrow pathology group|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31000771|journal=Modern Pathology: An Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc|volume=32|issue=9|pages=1373–1385|doi=10.1038/s41379-019-0263-3|issn=1530-0285|pmid=31000771|via=}}</ref>.

In children, based on limited clinical information in the literature, AUL has been associated with a poor prognosis<ref>{{Cite journal|displayauthors=1|last=Lee|first=Hyun Gyung|last2=Baek|first2=Hee Jo|last3=Kim|first3=Ho Sung|last4=Park|first4=Soo Min|last5=Hwang|first5=Tai Ju|last6=Kook|first6=Hoon|date=2019|title=Biphenotypic acute leukemia or acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage in childhood: clinical characteristics and outcome|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30956966|journal=Blood Research|volume=54|issue=1|pages=63–73|doi=10.5045/br.2019.54.1.63|issn=2287-979X|pmc=6439300|pmid=30956966|via=}}</ref>.  

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==Sites of Involvement==

Per WHO 2017, AUL blasts should express no more than one membrane marker for any lineage.

-See [[HAEM4:Acute Leukemias of Ambiguous Lineage]] for assigning lineage assignment.

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==Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)==

NA

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* Individual Region Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH

* Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns

There is evidence that the genes associated with poor prognosis in acute leukemias, BAALC, ERG, and MN1, are also overexpressed in AUL<ref name=":0" />.

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==Individual Region Genomic Gain / Loss / LOH==

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NA

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==Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns==

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AUL is associated with a high rate of chromosomal abnormalities, but have no characteristic abnormalities<ref name=":2" />.  

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==Gene Mutations (SNV / INDEL)==

PHF6 a tumor suppressor gene may have implications in AUL though the evidence is limited.

NA

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==Epigenomic Alterations==

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Overexpression of BAALC, ERG, and MN1<ref name=":0" />.  

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==Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods==